The 'community of learning' model for using computers in education

ABSTRACT

The application of computers to education is usually based on models derived from traditional school practice, suggesting such strategies as CAI, CMI, and problem-solving. This paper describes a model based on cultural considerations, wherein people, ideas, and advanced technological tools interact to form a 'community of learning'. Some characteristics of this model are described, including a learning strategy based on distinctions between transmittal, experiential, and creative techniques. An extensible view of how new technology can be added to such a setting is presented, and an example of an application of the model (Soloworks) together with illustrations of student work is given. A film of this application will be shown.

REFERENCES

• 1: Kemeny, J., Man and the Computer, C. Scribner's Sons, NY (1972).
• 2: Luehrmann, A., "Should the Computer Teach the Student, or Vice Versa?", AFIPS Conference Proceedings, 40 (1972), p. 40.
• 3: Milner, S., "How Should Computers be Used in Learning?", Jnl. of Computer-Based Instruction, Vol. 1, No. 1, Aug., 1974.
• 4: Helmers, C. "Trends in Applications", BYTE, No. 9, May 1976.
• 5: Kay, A.C., "A Dynamic Medium for Creative Thought", Learning Research Group Technical Report, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, (1973).
• 6: Dreyfus, H., Review of "Artifical Intelligence" and "The Psychology of Computer Vision" in Creative Computing, Vol. 2, No. 2, March 1976.
• 7: Dwyer, T.A., "Some Principles for the Human Use of Computers in Education", Intl. Jnl. of Man-Machine Studies, 3 (1971), pp. 219-239.
• 8: Dwyer, T.A., "Heuristic Strategies for Using Computers to Enrich Education", Intl. Jnl. of Man-Machine Studies, 6 (1974), pp. 137-154.
• 9: Dwyer, T.A., "The Significance of Solo-Mode Computing for Curriculum Design", EDU, 13 (September 1974).
• 10: Dwyer, T.A., "Computers and the Curriculum Question", AEDS Journal, Spring 1975.
• 11: Dwyer, T.A., "Soloworks: Computer-Based Laboratories for High School Mathematics", School Science and Mathematics, (January, 1975).
• 12: Curry, P., Critchfield, M. and Dwyer, T., "Soloworks #1", 16 mm color film, 20 minutes. This film shows student work with computer-controlled graphics, music, games, robots, and simulators in a prototype community of learning environment.

INDEX TERMS

Primary Classification:
  K. Computing Milieux
  K.3 COMPUTERS AND EDUCATION
      K.3.1 Computer Uses in Education

Additional Classification:
  I. Computing Methodologies
  I.2 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
      I.2.6 Learning

General Terms:
Human Factors, Management