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ABSTRACT
We describe a hardware and software system for digitizing the shape and color of large fragile objects under non-laboratory conditions. Our system employs laser triangulation rangefinders, laser time-of-flight rangefinders, digital still cameras, and a suite of software for acquiring, aligning, merging, and viewing scanned data. As a demonstration of this system, we digitized 10 statues by Michelangelo, including the well-known figure of David, two building interiors, and all 1,163 extant fragments of the Forma Urbis Romae, a giant marble map of ancient Rome. Our largest single dataset is of the David - 2 billion polygons and 7,000 color images. In this paper, we discuss the challenges we faced in building this system, the solutions we employed, and the lessons we learned. We focus in particular on the unusual design of our laser triangulation scanner and on the algorithms and software we developed for handling very large scanned models.
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INDEX TERMS
Primary Classification:
I.
Computing Methodologies
I.2
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
I.2.10
Vision and Scene Understanding
Subjects:
Modeling and recovery of physical attributes
Additional Classification:
H.
Information Systems
H.2
DATABASE MANAGEMENT
H.2.8
Database applications
Subjects:
Image databases
I.
Computing Methodologies
I.3
COMPUTER GRAPHICS
I.3.3
Picture/Image Generation
Subjects:
Digitizing and scanning
I.3.7
Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism
Subjects:
Color, shading, shadowing, and texture
I.4
IMAGE PROCESSING AND COMPUTER VISION
I.4.8
Scene Analysis
Subjects:
Range data
General Terms:
Algorithms,
Design,
Experimentation,
Management,
Measurement,
Performance,
Reliability,
Theory
Keywords:
3D scanning,
cultural heritage,
graphics systems,
mesh generation,
range images,
rangefinding,
reflectance and shading models,
sensor fusion
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