On power-law relationships of the Internet topology

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On power-law relationships of the Internet topology

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Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communication archive
Proceedings of the conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication table of contents

Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States

Pages: 251 - 262

Year of Publication: 1999

ISBN:1-58113-135-6

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Authors

Michalis Faloutsos	Carnegie Mellon Univ., Dept. of Comp. Science
Petros Faloutsos
Christos Faloutsos

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SIGCOMM: ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication

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ACM New York, NY, USA

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Downloads (6 Weeks): 198, Downloads (12 Months): 991, Citation Count: 336

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ABSTRACT

Despite the apparent randomness of the Internet, we discover some surprisingly simple power-laws of the Internet topology. These power-laws hold for three snapshots of the Internet, between November 1997 and December 1998, despite a 45% growth of its size during that period. We show that our power-laws fit the real data very well resulting in correlation coefficients of 96% or higher.Our observations provide a novel perspective of the structure of the Internet. The power-laws describe concisely skewed distributions of graph properties such as the node outdegree. In addition, these power-laws can be used to estimate important parameters such as the average neighborhood size, and facilitate the design and the performance analysis of protocols. Furthermore, we can use them to generate and select realistic topologies for simulation purposes.

REFERENCES

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	Duong Nguyen Binh Ta , Suiping Zhou, A two-phase approach to interactivity enhancement for large-scale distributed virtual environments, Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking, v.51 n.14, p.4131-4152, October, 2007
	Prasad Chebolu , Páll Melsted, PageRank and the random surfer model, Proceedings of the nineteenth annual ACM-SIAM symposium on Discrete algorithms, p.1010-1018, January 20-22, 2008, San Francisco, California
	Peixiang Zhao , Jeffrey Xu Yu , Philip S. Yu, Graph indexing: tree + delta <= graph, Proceedings of the 33rd international conference on Very large data bases, September 23-27, 2007, Vienna, Austria
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	Hanghang Tong , Christos Faloutsos , Yehuda Koren, Fast direction-aware proximity for graph mining, Proceedings of the 13th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining, August 12-15, 2007, San Jose, California, USA
	Jimeng Sun , Christos Faloutsos , Spiros Papadimitriou , Philip S. Yu, GraphScope: parameter-free mining of large time-evolving graphs, Proceedings of the 13th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining, August 12-15, 2007, San Jose, California, USA
	Kin Wah Kwong , Roch Guérin , Anees Shaikh , Shu Tao, Improving service differentiation in IP networks through dual topology routing, Proceedings of the 2007 ACM CoNEXT conference, December 10-13, 2007, New York, New York
	Xiaowei Xu , Nurcan Yuruk , Zhidan Feng , Thomas A. J. Schweiger, SCAN: a structural clustering algorithm for networks, Proceedings of the 13th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining, August 12-15, 2007, San Jose, California, USA
	Jun Wu , Yuejin Tan , Hongzhong Deng , Dazhi Zhu, Relationship between degree-rank function and degree distribution of protein-protein interaction networks, Computational Biology and Chemistry, v.32 n.1, p.1-4, February, 2008
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	André O. Castelucio , Ronaldo M. Salles , Artur Ziviani, Evaluating the partial deployment of an AS-level IP traceback system, Proceedings of the 2008 ACM symposium on Applied computing, March 16-20, 2008, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
	Victor S. Grishchenko, Distance-based reputation metrics are practical in P2P environments, International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, v.1 n.2, p.133-140, October 2006
	Shan He , Renan G. Cattelan , Darko Kirovski, Modeling viral economies for digital media, ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review, v.42 n.4, May 2008
	Rami Puzis , Yuval Elovici , Shlomi Dolev, Finding the most prominent group in complex networks, AI Communications, v.20 n.4, p.287-296, December 2007
	Christine Kiss , Martin Bichler, Identification of influencers - Measuring influence in customer networks, Decision Support Systems, v.46 n.1, p.233-253, December, 2008
	Runfang Zhou , Kai Hwang, PowerTrust: A Robust and Scalable Reputation System for Trusted Peer-to-Peer Computing, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, v.18 n.4, p.460-473, April 2007
	Duong Nguyen Binh Ta , Suiping Zhou , Haifeng Shen, Greedy Algorithms for Client Assignment in Large-Scale Distributed Virtual Environments, Simulation, v.84 n.10-11, p.521-533, October 2008
	Ingo Scholtes , Jean Botev , Markus Esch , Alexander Höhfeld , Hermann Schloss , Benjamin Zech, TopGen - internet router-level topology generation based on technology constraints, Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Simulation tools and techniques for communications, networks and systems & workshops, March 03-07, 2008, Marseille, France
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	Dong Lu , Peter A. Dinda , Jason A. Skicewicz, Scoped and Approximate Queries in a Relational Grid Information Service, Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Grid Computing, p.192, November 17-17, 2003
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	Rob Sherwood , Adam Bender , Neil Spring, Discarte: a disjunctive internet cartographer, ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, v.38 n.4, October 2008
	M. Fraiwan , G. Manimaran, Link stress reduction in topology-aware overlay path monitoring, Computer Communications, v.31 n.10, p.2086-2093, June, 2008
	Marc Sínchez-Artigas , Pedro García-López , Antonio F. Gómez-Skarmeta , José Santa, TR-clustering: Alleviating the impact of false clustering on P2P overlay networks, Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking, v.52 n.17, p.3185-3204, December, 2008
	Amogh Dhamdhere , Constantine Dovrolis, Ten years in the evolution of the internet ecosystem, Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement, October 20-22, 2008, Vouliagmeni, Greece
	M. L. Goncalves , M. L. A. Netto , J. A. F. Costa , J. Zullo Junior, An unsupervised method of classifying remotely sensed images using Kohonen self-organizing maps and agglomerative hierarchical clustering methods, International Journal of Remote Sensing, v.29 n.11, p.3171-3207, June 2008
	Bruno Abrahao , Robert Kleinberg, On the internet delay space dimensionality, Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement, October 20-22, 2008, Vouliagmeni, Greece
	Pedro O.S. Vaz de Melo , Virgilio A.F. Almeida , Antonio A.F. Loureiro, Can complex network metrics predict the behavior of NBA teams?, Proceeding of the 14th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining, August 24-27, 2008, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
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	John Heidemann , Yuri Pradkin , Ramesh Govindan , Christos Papadopoulos , Genevieve Bartlett , Joseph Bannister, Census and survey of the visible internet, Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement, October 20-22, 2008, Vouliagmeni, Greece
	Josh Karlin , Stephanie Forrest , Jennifer Rexford, Autonomous security for autonomous systems, Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking, v.52 n.15, p.2908-2923, October, 2008
	Mary McGlohon , Leman Akoglu , Christos Faloutsos, Weighted graphs and disconnected components: patterns and a generator, Proceeding of the 14th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining, August 24-27, 2008, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
	Hanghang Tong , Spiros Papadimitriou , Jimeng Sun , Philip S. Yu , Christos Faloutsos, Colibri: fast mining of large static and dynamic graphs, Proceeding of the 14th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining, August 24-27, 2008, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
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	Pak Chung Wong , Harlan Foote , Patrick Mackey , Ken Perrine , George Chin Jr., Generating Graphs for Visual Analytics through Interactive Sketching, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, v.12 n.6, p.1386-1398, November 2006
	Hanghang Tong , Yasushi Sakurai , Tina Eliassi-Rad , Christos Faloutsos, Fast mining of complex time-stamped events, Proceeding of the 17th ACM conference on Information and knowledge management, October 26-30, 2008, Napa Valley, California, USA
	Panagiotis Louridas , Diomidis Spinellis , Vasileios Vlachos, Power laws in software, ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM), v.18 n.1, p.1-26, September 2008
	Jure Leskovec , Lars Backstrom , Ravi Kumar , Andrew Tomkins, Microscopic evolution of social networks, Proceeding of the 14th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining, August 24-27, 2008, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
	Thomas Gamer , Michael Scharf, Realistic simulation environments for IP-based networks, Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Simulation tools and techniques for communications, networks and systems & workshops, March 03-07, 2008, Marseille, France
	Wookey Lee , Young Kuk Kim , Bok Sik Yoon , Jiang Jin Xi, Query based optimal web site clustering using simulated annealing, Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services, November 24-26, 2008, Linz, Austria
	Saliha Durmuş Tekir , Kazım Yalçın Arga , Kutlu Ö. ílgen, Drug targets for tumorigenesis: Insights from structural analysis of EGFR signaling network, Journal of Biomedical Informatics, v.42 n.2, p.228-236, April, 2009
	Clémence Magnien , Matthieu Latapy , Michel Habib, Fast computation of empirically tight bounds for the diameter of massive graphs, Journal of Experimental Algorithmics (JEA), 13, February 2009
	Jaap Kamps , Marijn Koolen, Is Wikipedia link structure different?, Proceedings of the Second ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining, February 09-12, 2009, Barcelona, Spain
	Wesley M. Eddy, Basic properties of the IPv6 AS-level topology, ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review, v.36 n.3, December 2008
	Mina Youssef , Caterina Scoglio, On graph-based characteristics of optimal overlay topologies, Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking, v.53 n.7, p.913-925, May, 2009
	Isabel Beichl , Brian Cloteaux, Measuring the effectiveness of the s-metric to produce better network models, Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Winter Simulation, December 07-10, 2008, Miami, Florida
	Dana Simian , Vladislav Georgiev , Corina Simian, A search optimization model in a network having broken packages, Proceedings of the 12th WSEAS international conference on Computers, p.337-340, July 23-25, 2008, Heraklion, Greece
	Marijn Koolen , Gabriella Kazai , Nick Craswell, Wikipedia pages as entry points for book search, Proceedings of the Second ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining, February 09-12, 2009, Barcelona, Spain
	Alan Taylor , Desmond J. Higham, CONTEST: A Controllable Test Matrix Toolbox for MATLAB, ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software (TOMS), v.35 n.4, p.1-17, February 2009
	Mohsen Bayati , Andrea Montanari , Amin Saberi, Generating random graphs with large girth, Proceedings of the Nineteenth Annual ACM -SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, p.566-575, January 04-06, 2009, New York, New York
	Yohei Kuga , Kenjiro Cho , Osamu Nakamura, On inferring regional AS topologies, Proceedings of the 4th Asian Conference on Internet Engineering, November 18-20, 2008, Pratunam, Bangkok, Thailand
	Youcef Derbal, A model of grid service capacity, Journal of Computer Science and Technology, v.22 n.4, p.505-514, July 2007
	Yihua He , Georgos Siganos , Michalis Faloutsos , Srikanth Krishnamurthy, Lord of the links: a framework for discovering missing links in the internet topology, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON), v.17 n.2, p.391-404, April 2009
	Yubo Wang , Shi Xiao , Gaoxi Xiao , Xiuju Fu , Tee Hiang Cheng, Robustness of complex communication networks under link attacks, Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Advanced Infocomm Technology, p.1-7, July 29-31, 2008, Shenzhen, China
	Akiyuki Iwasaki , Tadasuke Nozoe , Takashi Kawauchi , Masahiro Okamoto, Fault tolerant mechanism of bio-inspired adaptive routing system, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Bio-Inspired Models of Network, Information and Computing Sytems, November 25-28, 2008, Hyogo, Japan
	Brian E. Carpenter, Observed relationships between size measures of the internet, ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, v.39 n.2, April 2009
	Huijuan Wang , Piet Van Mieghem, Algebraic connectivity optimization via link addition, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Bio-Inspired Models of Network, Information and Computing Sytems, November 25-28, 2008, Hyogo, Japan
	Juan Wang , Philippe De Wilde , Hui Wang, Topological analysis of a two coupled evolving networks model for business systems, Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal, v.36 n.5, p.9548-9556, July, 2009
	Gabriele D'Angelo , Stefano Ferretti, Simulation of scale-free networks, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques, March 02-06, 2009, Rome, Italy
	Fan Chung , Ron Graham, Quasi-random graphs with given degree sequences, Random Structures & Algorithms, v.32 n.1, p.1-19, January 2008
	Elena Zheleva , Hossam Sharara , Lise Getoor, Co-evolution of social and affiliation networks, Proceedings of the 15th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining, June 28-July 01, 2009, Paris, France
	Silvio Lattanzi , D. Sivakumar, Affiliation networks, Proceedings of the 41st annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing, May 31-June 02, 2009, Bethesda, MD, USA
	Venugopalan Ramasubramanian , Dahlia Malkhi , Fabian Kuhn , Mahesh Balakrishnan , Archit Gupta , Aditya Akella, On the treeness of internet latency and bandwidth, Proceedings of the eleventh international joint conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems, June 15-19, 2009, Seattle, WA, USA
	Ahmed Elmokashfi , Amund Kvalbein , Constantine Dovrolis, On the scalability of BGP: the roles of topology growth and update rate-limiting, Proceedings of the 2008 ACM CoNEXT Conference, p.1-12, December 09-12, 2008, Madrid, Spain
	Yasuhiro Sato , Shingo Ata , Ikuo Oka, A Strategic Approach for Re-organizing the Internet Topology by Applying Social Behavior Dynamics, Journal of Network and Systems Management, v.17 n.1-2, p.208-229, June 2009
	Mingjiang Shi , Xiang Li , Xiaofan Wang, The complex software network evolution of Java Development Kits: topological properties and design principles, International Journal of Systems, Control and Communications, v.1 n.4, p.478-491, June 2009
	J. Yao , W. Xu , Y. Yu, H<SUB align=right>∞ control for spatio-temporal switching networks with coupling delays, International Journal of Systems, Control and Communications, v.1 n.4, p.492-501, June 2009
	Anthony Spatharis , Ilias Foudalis , Martha Sideri , Christos Papadimitriou, Comparing Trade-off Based Models of the Internet, Fundamenta Informaticae, v.92 n.4, p.363-372, December 2009
	Dan Liu , Yuan-Da Cao , Chun-Qing Li, Liana: a decentralized load-dependent scheduler for performance-cost optimization of grid service, The Journal of Supercomputing, v.49 n.1, p.127-156, July 2009
	Dimitris Achlioptas , Aaron Clauset , David Kempe , Cristopher Moore, On the bias of traceroute sampling: Or, power-law degree distributions in regular graphs, Journal of the ACM (JACM), v.56 n.4, p.1-28, June 2009
	Jie Tang , Jimeng Sun , Chi Wang , Zi Yang, Social influence analysis in large-scale networks, Proceedings of the 15th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining, June 28-July 01, 2009, Paris, France
	Rut Garí , Ricardo Galli , Llorenç Valverde , Juan Fornés, Llaüt: Fuzzy Logic Based Selective Bot, Proceeding of the 2005 conference on Artificial Intelligence Research and Development, p.165-172, May 12, 2005
	Antonia Katzouraki , Philippe De Wilde , Robert Ghanea Hercock, Intelligent Traffic Control on Internet-Like TopologiesDATRA-Dynamically Adjusted Traffic Rate Alterations, Proceeding of the 2005 conference on Self-Organization and Autonomic Informatics (I), p.329-341, May 16, 2005
	Nagi-Ki Fong , Fan Yan , Kai-Hau Yeung, Balancing throughput and delay performance by effective shortest path routing, Proceedings of the 9th WSEAS international conference on Applied informatics and communications, p.59-62, August 20-22, 2009, Moscow, Russia
	Leman Akoglu , Christos Faloutsos, RTG: a recursive realistic graph generator using random typing, Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, v.19 n.2, p.194-209, October 2009
	Jing Yao , Zhi-Hong Guan , David J. Hill, Brief paper: Passivity-based control and synchronization of general complex dynamical networks, Automatica (Journal of IFAC), v.45 n.9, p.2107-2113, September, 2009
	Sara Robinson, Recent Research Provides New Picture of Router-Level Internet, Computing in Science and Engineering, v.8 n.2, p.3-6, March 2006
	Oznur Ozkasap , Mine Caglar , Emrah Cem , Emrah Ahi , Emre Iskender, Stepwise fair-share buffering for gossip-based peer-to-peer data dissemination, Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking, v.53 n.13, p.2259-2274, August, 2009
	Yizhou Sun , Yintao Yu , Jiawei Han, Ranking-based clustering of heterogeneous information networks with star network schema, Proceedings of the 15th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining, June 28-July 01, 2009, Paris, France
	Chen Wang , Li Xiao , Yunhao Liu , Pei Zheng, DiCAS: An Efficient Distributed Caching Mechanism for P2P Systems, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, v.17 n.10, p.1097-1109, October 2006
	James Abello , Jeffrey Korn , Matthias Kreuseler, Navigating Giga-Graphs, Proceedings of the Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces, May 22-24, 2002, Trento, Italy