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An artificial intelligence approach to legal reasoning
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Source MIT Press   Cambridge, MA, USA
Pages: 240  
Year of Publication: 1987
ISBN:0-262-07104-5
Author
Anne von der Lieth Gardner
Publisher
MIT Press  Cambridge, MA, USA
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Downloads (6 Weeks): n/a,   Downloads (12 Months): n/a,   Citation Count: 73
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CITED BY  73
A. Oskamp , R. F. Walker , J. A. Schrickx , P. H. van den Berg, PROLEXS divide and rule: a legal application, Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.54-62, May 1989, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
David B. Skalak , Edwin L. Rissland, Argument moves in a rule-guided domain, Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.1-11, May 1991, Oxford, England
L. Karl Branting, A generative model of narrative cases, Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.1-8, June 14-17, 1999, Oslo, Norway
L. Karl Branting, Reasoning with portions of precedents, Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.145-154, May 1991, Oxford, England
Jørgen Karpf, Inductive modelling in law: example based expert systems in administrative law, Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.297-306, May 1991, Oxford, England
L. Thorne McCarty, Some arguments about legal arguments, Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.215-224, June 30-July 03, 1997, Melbourne, Australia
Diego Bercovich, SIREDOJ: a legal assistance application about contracts in the building industry, Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.260-265, May 1991, Oxford, England
Uri J. Schild , Shai Herzog, The use of meta-rules in rule based legal computer systems, Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.100-109, June 15-18, 1993, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Henry Prakken, A logical framework for modelling legal argument, Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.1-9, June 15-18, 1993, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Vassilis Konstantinou , John Sykes , Georgios N. Yannopoulos, Can legal knowledge be derived from legal texts?, Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.218-227, June 15-18, 1993, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
L. Thorne McCarty, On the role of prototypes in appellate legal argument (abstract), Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.185-190, May 1991, Oxford, England
L. Karl Branting, A reduction-graph model of ratio decidendi, Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.40-49, June 15-18, 1993, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
D. B. Skalak, Taking advantage of models for legal classification, Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.234-241, May 1989, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Peter Johnson , David Mead, Legislative knowledge base systems for public administration: some practical issues, Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.108-117, May 1991, Oxford, England
Kevin D. Ashley , Vincent Aleven, Toward an intelligent tutoring system for teaching law students to argue with cases, Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.42-52, May 1991, Oxford, England
Donald H. Berman , Carole D. Hafner, Incorporating procedural context into a model of case-based legal reasoning, Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.12-20, May 1991, Oxford, England
A. W. Koers , D. Kracht, A goal driven knowledge based system for a domain of private international law, Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.81-85, May 1991, Oxford, England
Barbara Cuthill , Robert McCartney, Issue spotting in legal cases, Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.245-253, June 15-18, 1993, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Soon-Ae Yang , Dave Robertson , John Lee, KICS: a knowledge-intensive case-based reasoning system for statutory building regulations and case histories, Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.254-263, June 15-18, 1993, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Cees Groendijk , Anja Oskamp, Case recognition and strategy classification, Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.125-132, June 15-18, 1993, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Donald H. Berman , Carole D. Hafner, Representing teleological structure in case-based legal reasoning: the missing link, Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.50-59, June 15-18, 1993, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
L. S. Lutomski, The design of an attorney's statistical consultant, Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.224-233, May 1989, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
L. Karl Branting, Advisory systems for pro se litigants, Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.139-146, May 2001, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
Kathryn E. Sanders, Representing and reasoning about open-textured predicates, Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.137-144, May 1991, Oxford, England
Kenneth A. Lambert , Mark H. Grunewald, Legal theory and case-based reasoners: the importance of context and the process of focusing, Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.191-195, May 1991, Oxford, England
J. P. Dick, Conceptual retrieval and case law, Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.106-115, May 27-29, 1997, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Henk de Bruijn , Radboud Winkels, Case reconstruction before assessment, Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.239-245, May 21-24, 1995, College Park, Maryland, United States
Michael L. Kayman , Moonja P. Kim, Expert systems in alternative dispute resolution, Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.207-214, May 1991, Oxford, England
A. v. d. L. Gardner, Representing developing legal doctrine, Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.16-22, May 1989, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Anja Oskamp, AI-techniques and concept analysis, Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.221-222, May 2001, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
T. F. Gordon, Issue spotting in a system for searching interpretation spaces, Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.157-164, May 1989, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
George Vossos , John Zeleznikow , Tharam Dillon , Vivian Vossos, An example of integrating legal case based reasoning with object-oriented rule-based systems: IKBALS II, Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.31-41, May 1991, Oxford, England
Henry Prakken, A tool in modelling disagreement in law: preferring the most specific argument, Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.165-174, May 1991, Oxford, England
D. E. Wolstenholme, Amalgamating regulation- and case-based advice systems through suggested answers, Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.63-67, May 1989, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Daniel Poulin , Paul Bratley , Jacques Frémont , Ejan Mackaay, Legal interpretation in expert systems, Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.90-99, June 15-18, 1993, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
R. K. Belew, A connectionist approach to conceptual information retrieval, Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.116-126, May 27-29, 1997, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
G. Morris , K. Taylor , M. Harwood, Handing of significant deviations from boilerplate text, Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.145-154, May 27-29, 1997, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
L. Karl Branting , Charles B. Callaway , Bradford W. Mott , James C. Lester, Integrating discourse and domain knowledge for document drafting, Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.214-220, June 14-17, 1999, Oslo, Norway
G. J. van Opdorp , R. F. Walker , J. A. Schrickx , C. Groendijk , P. H. van den Berg, Networks at work: a connectionist approach to non-deductive legal reasoning, Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.278-287, May 1991, Oxford, England
E. L. Rissland , D. B. Skalak, Interpreting statutory predicates, Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.46-53, May 1989, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
M. T. MacCrimmon, Expert systems in case-based law: the Hearsay Rule advisor, Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.68-73, May 1989, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Judith P. Dick, Representation of legal text for conceptual retrieval, Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.244-253, May 1991, Oxford, England
Bernard Moulin , Daniel Rousseau, Applying Case-Based Reasoning to Autoclave Loading, IEEE Expert: Intelligent Systems and Their Applications, v.7 n.5, p.27-32, October 1992
Marie-Francine Moens , Rik De Busser, First steps in building a model for the retrieval of court decisions, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, v.57 n.5, p.429-446, November 2002
Donald H. Berman, Developer's choice in the legal domain: the Sisyphean journey with DBR or down hill with rules (a working paper for the case-rules panel at the third international conference of artificial intelligence and law), Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.307-309, May 1991, Oxford, England
P. Wahlgren, Legal reasoning - a jurisprudential description, Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.147-156, May 1989, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
L. Thorne McCarty, An implementation of Eisner v. Macomber, Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.276-286, May 21-24, 1995, College Park, Maryland, United States
Jaap Hage, Monological reason-based logic: a low level integration of rule-based reasoning and case-based reasoning, Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.30-39, June 15-18, 1993, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
L. Karl Branting, A reduction-graph model of precedent in legal analysis, Artificial Intelligence, v.150 n.1-2, p.59-95, November 2003
Bruce M. McLaren, Extensionally defining principles and cases in ethics: an AI model, Artificial Intelligence, v.150 n.1-2, p.145-181, November 2003
Vincent Aleven, Using background knowledge in case-based legal reasoning: a computational model and an intelligent learning environment, Artificial Intelligence, v.150 n.1-2, p.183-237, November 2003
Kevin D. Ashley , Edwina L. Rissland, Law, learning and representation, Artificial Intelligence, v.150 n.1-2, p.17-58, November 2003
Trevor Bench-Capon , Giovanni Sartor, A model of legal reasoning with cases incorporating theories and values, Artificial Intelligence, v.150 n.1-2, p.97-143, November 2003
K. D. Ashley, Toward a computational theory of arguing with precedents, Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.93-102, May 1989, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Bernard Moulin , Daniel Rousseau, Knowledge acquisition from prescriptive texts, Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Industrial and engineering applications of artificial intelligence and expert systems, p.1112-1121, June 1990, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
M. J. Sergot , F. Sadri , R. A. Kowalski , F. Kriwaczek , P. Hammond , H. T. Cory, The British Nationality Act as a logic program, Communications of the ACM, v.29 n.5, p.370-386, May 1986
Zaw Z. Han , Tin Tin Khine , Imtinan Ahmad , Sunil Shrestha , Laurence L. Leff, Interoperability from electronic commerce to litigation using XML rules, Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, June 24-28, 2003, Scotland, United Kingdom
Stephen Wong , Satoshi Tojo, A Deductive Object-Oriented Database System for Situated Inference in Law, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, v.8 n.3, p.496-503, June 1996
Nathaniel Love , Michael Genesereth, Computational law, Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, June 06-11, 2005, Bologna, Italy
Steven O. Kimbrough, A note on interpretations for federated languages and the use of disquotation, Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, June 06-11, 2005, Bologna, Italy
Katie Atkinson , Trevor Bench-Capon, Legal case-based reasoning as practical reasoning, Artificial Intelligence and Law, v.13 n.1, p.93-131, January 2005
Marie-Francine Moens, Summarizing court decisions, Information Processing and Management: an International Journal, v.43 n.6, p.1748-1764, November, 2007
Instructions for Authors, Artificial Intelligence Review, v.16 n.4, p.335-342, December 2001
Andy Hon Wai Chun, Automatic rule-based assessment of e-government application forms, Proceedings of the 6th Conference on WSEAS International Conference on Applied Computer Science, p.634-638, April 15-17, 2007, Hangzhou, China
Artificial Intelligence Review staff, Instructions for Authors, Artificial Intelligence Review, v.20 n.3-4, p.495-501, December 2003
Phan Minh Dung , Phan Minh Thang, Modular Argumentation For Modelling Legal Doctrines in Common Law of Contract, Proceeding of the 2008 conference on Legal Knowledge and Information Systems: JURIX 2008: The Twenty-First Annual Conference, p.108-117, July 08, 2008
Phan Minh Dung , Phan Minh Thang , Nguyen Duy Hung, Modular argumentation for modelling legal doctrines of performance relief, Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law, June 08-12, 2009, Barcelona, Spain
Edwina L. Rissland, AI and Similarity, IEEE Intelligent Systems, v.21 n.3, p.39-49, May 2006
Andy Hon Wai Chun, Using AI for e-government automatic assessment of immigration application forms, Proceedings of the 19th national conference on Innovative applications of artificial intelligence, p.1684-1691, July 22-26, 2007, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Edwina L. Rissland , David B. Skalak, Combining case-based and rule-based reasoning: a heuristic approach, Proceedings of the 11th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence, p.524-530, August 20-25, 1989, Detroit, Michigan
Edwina L. Rissland , David B. Skalak , M. Timur Friedman, Case retrieval through multiple indexing and heuristic search, Proceedings of the 13th international joint conference on Artifical intelligence, p.902-908, August 28-September 03, 1993, Chambery, France
Kathryn E. Sanders, Within the letter of the law: open-textured planning, Proceedings of the 14th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence, p.408-414, August 20-25, 1995, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Thomas F. Gordon , Douglas Walton, Legal reasoning with argumentation schemes, Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law, June 08-12, 2009, Barcelona, Spain

INDEX TERMS

Classification:
  H. Information Systems
  H.1 MODELS AND PRINCIPLES
      H.1.2 User/Machine Systems
          Subjects: Human information processing

  I. Computing Methodologies
  I.2 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
      I.2.1 Applications and Expert Systems
          Subjects: Law


REVIEW

"Werner F. Grunbaum : Reviewer"

Gardner feels that the majority of existing legal expert systems are inadequate because these systems do not distinguish between the solutions experts agree upon and the solutions they disagree upon. She believes that such ambiguities arise from  more...


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