Heuristic evaluation of user interfaces

Subscribe (Full Service)


	Search: The ACM Digital Library The Guide

	Feedback

Heuristic evaluation of user interfaces

Full text

Pdf (936 KB)

Source

Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems archive
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems: Empowering people table of contents

Seattle, Washington, United States

Pages: 249 - 256

Year of Publication: 1990

ISBN:0-201-50932-6

Authors

Jakob Nielsen	Technical University of Denmark, Department of Computer Science, DK-2800 Lyngby Copenhagen, Denmark
Rolf Molich	Baltica A/S, Mail Code B22, Klausdalsbrovej 601, DK-2750 Ballerup, Denmark

Sponsor

SIGCHI: ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction

Publisher

ACM New York, NY, USA

Bibliometrics

Downloads (6 Weeks): 203, Downloads (12 Months): 1282, Citation Count: 118

Additional Information:

abstract references cited by index terms collaborative colleagues

Tools and Actions:	Request Permissions Review this Article Save this Article to a Binder Display Formats: BibTeX EndNote ACM Ref

DOI Bookmark:	Use this link to bookmark this Article: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/97243.97281 What is a DOI?

ABSTRACT

Heuristic evaluation is an informal method of usability analysis where a number of evaluators are presented with an interface design and asked to comment on it. Four experiments showed that individual evaluators were mostly quite bad at doing such heuristic evaluations and that they only found between 20 and 51% of the usability problems in the interfaces they evaluated. On the other hand, we could aggregate the evaluations from several evaluators to a single evaluation and such aggregates do rather well, even when they consist of only three to five people.

REFERENCES

Note: OCR errors may be found in this Reference List extracted from the full text article. ACM has opted to expose the complete List rather than only correct and linked references.

	1	Egan, D.E. Individual differences in human-computer interaction. In: M. Helander (Ed.): Handbook of Human-Computer Interaction. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, 1988, pp. 543-568.
	2	Guttman, L. A basis for scaling qt~alitative data. American Sociological Review 9 (19zl,4),, 139-150.
	3	Milsted, U., Vamild, A., and J0rgensen, A.H. I-Ivordau sikres k-valiteten af brugergra~nsefladen i systemudviklingen ("Assuring the quality of user interfaces in system developmenL" in Danish). Proc. NordDATA'89 Joint Scandinavian Computer COnference (Copenhagen, Denmark, 19-22 June 1989), 479-484.
	4	Rolf Molich , Jakob Nielsen, Improving a human-computer dialogue, Communications of the ACM, v.33 n.3, p.338-348, March 1990 [doi>10.1145/77481.77486]
	5	NeweU,/k. and Caret, S.K. The prospects for psychological science in lauman-computer interaction. Human-Computer Interaction 1, 3 (1985), 209-242.
	6	Jakob Nielsen, Classification of dialog techniques, ACM SIGCHI Bulletin, v.19 n.2, p.30-35, October 1, 1987 [doi>10.1145/36111.36115]
	7	Jakob Nielsen, Usability engineering at a discount, Proceedings of the third international conference on human-computer interaction on Designing and using human-computer interfaces and knowledge based systems (2nd ed.), p.394-401, September 1989, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
	8	Nielsen, J. Assessing the learnability of HyperCard as a programming language. Manuscript submitted for publication 1990.
	9	J. Nielsen , R. Molich, Teaching user interface design based on usability engineering, ACM SIGCHI Bulletin, v.21 n.1, p.45-48, July 1989 [doi>10.1145/67880.67885]
	10	Smith, S.L. and Mosier, J.N. Guidelines for Designing User Interface Software. Report MTR.10090, The MITRE Corp, Bedford, MA, August 1986.

CITED BY 118

	Gary Perlman, Practical usability evaluation, Conference companion on Human factors in computing systems, p.407-408, April 24-28, 1994, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
	David E. Rowley , David G. Rhoades, The cognitive jogthrough: a fast-paced user interface evaluation procedure, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, p.389-395, May 03-07, 1992, Monterey, California, United States
	Jorge Abreu , Pedro Almeida , Vasco Branco, 2BeOn: interactive television supporting interpersonal communication, Proceedings of the sixth Eurographics workshop on Multimedia 2001, p.199-208, September 08-09, 2001, Manchester, UK
	Paul Sawyer , Alicia Flanders , Dennis Wixon, Making a difference—the impact of inspections, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems: common ground, p.376-382, April 13-18, 1996, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
	Jakob Nielsen , Thomas K. Landauer, A mathematical model of the finding of usability problems, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, p.206-213, April 24-29, 1993, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
	Rebecca Matson, Re-forming information: a case study in teaching content encapsulation, Proceedings of the 19th annual international conference on Computer documentation, October 21-24, 2001, Sante Fe, New Mexico, USA
	Jakob Nielsen , Rita M. Bush , Tom Dayton , Nancy E. Mond , Michael J. Muller , Robert W. Root, Teaching experienced developers to design graphical user interfaces, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, p.557-564, May 03-07, 1992, Monterey, California, United States
	John M. Carroll , Mary Beth Rosson, Getting around the task-artifact cycle: how to make claims and design by scenario, ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS), v.10 n.2, p.181-212, April 1992
	Alla Keselman , Vimla L. Patel , Todd R. Johnson , Jiajie Zhang, Institutional decision-making to select patient care devices: identifying venues to promote patient safety, Journal of Biomedical Informatics, v.36 n.1/2, p.31-44, February 2003
	Kasper Hornbæk , Erik Frøkjær, Comparing usability problems and redesign proposals as input to practical systems development, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, April 02-07, 2005, Portland, Oregon, USA
	David R. Millen, Rapid ethnography: time deepening strategies for HCI field research, Proceedings of the conference on Designing interactive systems: processes, practices, methods, and techniques, p.280-286, August 17-19, 2000, New York City, New York, United States
	Jakob Nielsen, Usability inspection methods, Conference companion on Human factors in computing systems, p.413-414, April 24-28, 1994, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
	Jakob Nielsen, Finding usability problems through heuristic evaluation, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, p.373-380, May 03-07, 1992, Monterey, California, United States
	Andrew Monk , Steve Howard, Methods & tools: the rich picture: a tool for reasoning about work context, interactions, v.5 n.2, p.21-30, March/April 1998
	C. Dennis Allen , Don Ballman , Vivienne Begg , Harold H. Miller-Jacobs , Michael Muller , Jakob Nielsen , Jared Spool, User involvement in the design process: why, when & how?, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, p.251-254, April 24-29, 1993, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
	Claire-Marie Karat , Robert Campbell , Tarra Fiegel, Comparison of empirical testing and walkthrough methods in user interface evaluation, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, p.397-404, May 03-07, 1992, Monterey, California, United States
	Scott E. Hudson , Bonnie E. John , Keith Knudsen , Michael D. Byrne, A tool for creating predictive performance models from user interface demonstrations, Proceedings of the 12th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology, p.93-102, November 07-10, 1999, Asheville, North Carolina, United States
	Margaret Christensen , Michael Giamo , Trevor Jones, Support for teaching the design and implementation of multimedia/hypermedia systems, ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, v.25 n.1, p.242-245, March 1993
	Edmond Israelski , Arnold M. Lund, The evolution of human-computer interaction during the telecommunications revolution, The human-computer interaction handbook: fundamentals, evolving technologies and emerging applications, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Mahwah, NJ, 2002
	Robin Jeffries , James R. Miller , Cathleen Wharton , Kathy Uyeda, User interface evaluation in the real world: a comparison of four techniques, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems: Reaching through technology, p.119-124, April 27-May 02, 1991, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
	Gary Perlman, Evaluating hypermedia systems (panel), Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems: Empowering people, p.387-390, April 01-05, 1990, Seattle, Washington, United States
	Mark Chignell , Benjamin Keevil, Developing usable online information for a Web authoring tool, Proceedings of the 14th annual international conference on Systems documentation: Marshaling new technological forces: building a corporate, academic, and user-oriented triangle, p.115-123, October 19-22, 1996, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States
	Sandrine Balbo , Joëlle Coutaz , Daniel Salber, Towards automatic evaluation of multimodal user interfaces, Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Intelligent user interfaces, p.201-208, January 04-07, 1993, Orlando, Florida, United States
	Michael J. Muller , Anne McClard, Validating an extension to participatory heuristic evaluation: quality of work and quality of work life, Conference companion on Human factors in computing systems, p.115-116, May 07-11, 1995, Denver, Colorado, United States
	Jakob Nielsen, Enhancing the explanatory power of usability heuristics, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems: celebrating interdependence, p.152-158, April 24-28, 1994, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
	Kevin Baker , Saul Greenberg , Carl Gutwin, Empirical development of a heuristic evaluation methodology for shared workspace groupware, Proceedings of the 2002 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work, November 16-20, 2002, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
	Jakob Nielsen, Usability inspection methods, Conference companion on Human factors in computing systems, p.377-378, May 07-11, 1995, Denver, Colorado, United States
	Jakob Nielsen , Victoria L. Phillips, Estimating the relative usability of two interfaces: heuristic, formal, and empirical methods compared, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, p.214-221, April 24-29, 1993, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
	David E. Rowley, Usability testing in the field: bringing the laboratory to the user, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems: celebrating interdependence, p.252-257, April 24-28, 1994, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
	Benjamin Keevil, Measuring the usability index of your Web site, Proceedings of the 16th annual international conference on Computer documentation, p.271-277, September 24-26, 1998, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
	Barry Arons, SpeechSkimmer: a system for interactively skimming recorded speech, ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI), v.4 n.1, p.3-38, March 1997
	Michael Thompson , Nina Wishbow, Prototyping: tools and techniques: improving software and documentation quality through rapid prototyping, Proceedings of the 10th annual international conference on Systems documentation, p.191-199, October 13-16, 1992, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
	Joseph L. Gabbard , Deborah Hix , J. Edward Swan, User-Centered Design and Evaluation of Virtual Environments, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, v.19 n.6, p.51-59, November 1999
	Jennifer Mankoff , Anind K. Dey , Gary Hsieh , Julie Kientz , Scott Lederer , Morgan Ames, Heuristic evaluation of ambient displays, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, April 05-10, 2003, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA
	Simon Peyton Jones , Alan Blackwell , Margaret Burnett, A user-centred approach to functions in excel, ACM SIGPLAN Notices, v.38 n.9, p.165-176, September 2003
	Gilbert Cockton , Darryn Lavery , Alan Woolrych, Inspection-based evaluations, The human-computer interaction handbook: fundamentals, evolving technologies and emerging applications, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Mahwah, NJ, 2002
	Morten Hertzum , Niels Ebbe Jacobsen , Rolf Molich, Usability inspections by groups of specialists: perceived agreement in spite of disparate observations, CHI '02 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems, April 20-25, 2002, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
	Konrad Baumann , Bruce Thomas, References, User interface design for electronic appliances, Taylor & Francis, Inc., Bristol, PA, 2001
	Adrie Stander , Nata van der Merwe, Using usability factors to predict the e-commerce user experience, Computing information technology: the human side, Idea Group Publishing, Hershey, PA, 2003
	David Pinelle , Carl Gutwin , Saul Greenberg, Task analysis for groupware usability evaluation: Modeling shared-workspace tasks with the mechanics of collaboration, ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI), v.10 n.4, p.281-311, December 2003
	Aleksandra Slavkovic , Karen Cross, Novice heuristic evaluations of a complex interface, CHI '99 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems, May 15-20, 1999, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
	Heather L. McQuaid , David Bishop, An integrated method for evaluating interfaces, CHI '01 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems, March 31-April 05, 2001, Seattle, Washington
	Jakob Nielsen, The Usability Engineering Life Cycle, Computer, v.25 n.3, p.12-22, March 1992
	Ramesh Farzanfar , Joseph Finkelstein , Robert H. Friedman, Testing the Usability of Two Automated Home-Based Patient-Management Systems, Journal of Medical Systems, v.28 n.2, p.143-153, April 2004
	Heather Desurvire , Debbie Lawrence , Michael Atwood, EMPIRICISM VERSUS JUDGEMENT: COMPARING USER INTERFACE EVALUATION METHODS ON A NEW TELEPHONE-BASED INTERFACE, ACM SIGCHI Bulletin, v.23 n.4, p.58-59, Oct. 1991
	Kasper Hornbæk , Erik Frøkjær, Two psychology-based usability inspection techniques studied in a diary experiment, Proceedings of the third Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction, p.3-12, October 23-27, 2004, Tampere, Finland
	Michael Christel , Neema Moraveji, Finding the right shots: assessing usability and performance of a digital video library interface, Proceedings of the 12th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia, October 10-16, 2004, New York, NY, USA
	Tim Dwyer, Three dimensional UML using force directed layout, Proceedings of the 2001 Asia-Pacific symposium on Information visualisation, p.77-85, December 01, 2001, Sydney, Australia
	Robert Mack , Jakob Nielsen, Usability inspection methods: report on a workshop held at CHI'92, Monterey, CA, May 3–4, 1992, ACM SIGCHI Bulletin, v.25 n.1, p.28-33, Jan. 1993
	Linda Upchurch , Gordon Rugg , Barbara Kitchenham, Using Card Sorts to Elicit Web Page Quality Attributes, IEEE Software, v.18 n.4, p.84-89, July 2001
	Jesper Kjeldskov , Mikael B. Skov , Jan Stage, Instant data analysis: conducting usability evaluations in a day, Proceedings of the third Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction, p.233-240, October 23-27, 2004, Tampere, Finland
	Carl Cook , Neville Churcher, Modelling and measuring Collaborative Software Engineering, Proceedings of the Twenty-eighth Australasian conference on Computer Science, p.267-276, January 01, 2005, Newcastle, Australia
	Jennifer Mankoff , Holly Fait , Tu Tran, Is your web page accessible?: a comparative study of methods for assessing web page accessibility for the blind, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, April 02-07, 2005, Portland, Oregon, USA
	Frédéric Vella , Agnès Collignon , Amélie David , Valérie Chabbert , Nadine Vigouroux, Pour une meilleure utilisabilité des pages web par des handicapés moteurs: modèle de Fitts et méthodes de conception centrée-utilisateur, Proceedings of the 17th conference on 17ème Conférence Francophone sur l'Interaction Homme-Machine, p.239-242, September 27-30, 2005, Toulouse, France
	Rolf Molich , Robin Jeffries, Comparative expert reviews, CHI '03 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems, April 05-10, 2003, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA
	Berco Beute, Mobile DRM: usability out the door?, Telematics and Informatics, v.22 n.1-2, p.83-96, February-May 2005
	Neville Churcher , Warwick Irwin, Informing the design of pipeline-based software visualisations, proceedings of the 2005 Asia-Pacific symposium on Information visualisation, p.59-68, January 01, 2005, Sydney, Australia
	Heather Desurvire , Jim Kondziela , Michael E. Atwood, What is gained and lost when using methods other than empirical testing, Posters and short talks of the 1992 SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, May 03-07, 1992, Monterey, California
	Brad A. Myers , David A. Weitzman , Andrew J. Ko , Duen H. Chau, Answering why and why not questions in user interfaces, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in computing systems, April 22-27, 2006, Montréal, Québec, Canada
	S. N. I. Mount , E. I. Gaura , R. M. Newman, Sensorium games: usability considerations for pervasive gaming, Proceedings of the 23rd annual international conference on Design of communication: documenting & designing for pervasive information, September 21-23, 2005, Coventry, United Kingdom
	Adel Mahfoudhi , Mohamed Abid , Mourad Abed, Towards a user interface generation approach based on object oriented design and task model, Proceedings of the 4th international workshop on Task models and diagrams, September 26-27, 2005, Gdansk, Poland
	Luciano T. E. Pansanato , Renata P. M. Fortes, Strategies for automatic LOM metadata generating in a web-based CSCL tool, Proceedings of the 11th Brazilian Symposium on Multimedia and the web, p.1-8, December 05-07, 2005, Pocos de Caldas - Minas Gerais, Brazil
	Jakob Nielsen, Reliability of severity estimates for usability problems found by heuristic evaluation, Posters and short talks of the 1992 SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, May 03-07, 1992, Monterey, California
	Jiajie Zhang , Todd R. Johnson , Vimla L. Patel , Danielle L. Paige , Tate Kubose, Using usability heuristics to evaluate patient safety of medical devices, Journal of Biomedical Informatics, v.36 n.1/2, p.23-30, February 2003
	Sunny Consolvo , Jeffrey Towle, Evaluating an ambient display for the home, CHI '05 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems, April 02-07, 2005, Portland, OR, USA
	Robin Jeffries , Heather Desurvire, Usability testing vs. heuristic evaluation: was there a contest?, ACM SIGCHI Bulletin, v.24 n.4, p.39-41, Oct. 1992
	Deima Elnatour, Functional-driven heuristic evaluation of administrative portal systems used in institutions of higher education, Proceedings of the 6th conference on Information technology education, October 20-22, 2005, Newark, NJ, USA
	Robert A. Amar , John T. Stasko, Knowledge Precepts for Design and Evaluation of Information Visualizations, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, v.11 n.4, p.432-442, July 2005
	Athanasis Karoulis, Evaluating the LEGO--RoboLab interface with experts, Computers in Entertainment (CIE), v.4 n.2, April-June 2006
	David Corsar , Derek Sleeman, KBS development through ontology mapping and ontology driven acquisition, Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Knowledge capture, October 28-31, 2007, Whistler, BC, Canada
	James R. Lewis, Sample sizes for usability tests: mostly math, not magic, interactions, v.13 n.6, November + December 2006
	Martin Schmettow, Heterogeneity in the usability evaluation process, Proceedings of the 22nd British HCI Group Annual Conference on HCI 2008: People and Computers XXII: Culture, Creativity, Interaction, September 01-05, 2008, Liverpool, United Kingdom
	Mureen Allen , Leanne M. Currie , Suzanne Bakken , Vimla L. Patel , James J. Cimino, Heuristic evaluation of paper-based Web pages: a simplified inspection usability methodology, Journal of Biomedical Informatics, v.39 n.4, p.412-423, August 2006
	T. Scott Saponas , Madhu K. Prabaker , Gregory D. Abowd , James A. Landay, The impact of pre-patterns on the design of digital home applications, Proceedings of the 6th ACM conference on Designing Interactive systems, June 26-28, 2006, University Park, PA, USA
	Enrico Bertini , Silvia Gabrielli , Stephen Kimani, Appropriating and assessing heuristics for mobile computing, Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces, May 23-26, 2006, Venezia, Italy
	Mark Altosaar , Roel Vertegaal , Changuk Sohn , Daniel Cheng, AuraOrb: using social awareness cues in the design of progressive notification appliances, Proceedings of the 20th conference of the computer-human interaction special interest group (CHISIG) of Australia on Computer-human interaction: design: activities, artefacts and environments, November 20-24, 2006, Sydney, Australia
	Scott A. Turner , Manuel A. Pérez-Quiñones , Stephen H. Edwards, minimUML: A minimalist approach to UML diagramming for early computer science education, Journal on Educational Resources in Computing (JERIC), v.5 n.4, p.1-28, December 2005
	Jesper Kjeldskov , Jan Stage, Exploring 'Canned Communication' for coordinating distributed mobile work activities, Interacting with Computers, v.18 n.6, p.1310-1335, December, 2006
	Hilary J. Holz , Anne Applin , Bruria Haberman , Donald Joyce , Helen Purchase , Catherine Reed, Research methods in computing: what are they, and how should we teach them?, ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, v.38 n.4, December 2006
	Ebba Thora Hvannberg , Effie Lai-Chong Law , Marta Kristín Lárusdóttir, Heuristic evaluation: Comparing ways of finding and reporting usability problems, Interacting with Computers, v.19 n.2, p.225-240, March, 2007
	Hannu Korhonen , Elina M. I. Koivisto, Playability heuristics for mobile games, Proceedings of the 8th conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services, September 12-15, 2006, Helsinki, Finland
	John Booker , Timothy Buennemeyer , Andrew Sabri , Chris North, High-resolution displays enhancing geo-temporal data visualizations, Proceedings of the 45th annual southeast regional conference, March 23-24, 2007, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
	Willem-Paul Brinkman , Reinder Haakma , Don G. Bouwhuis, Towards an empirical method of efficiency testing of system parts: A methodological study, Interacting with Computers, v.19 n.3, p.342-356, May, 2007
	Martin Ebner , Andreas Holzinger, Successful implementation of user-centered game based learning in higher education: An example from civil engineering, Computers & Education, v.49 n.3, p.873-890, November, 2007
	Hanna Yehuda , Jennifer McGinn, Coming to terms: comparing and combining the results of multiple evaluators performing heuristic evaluation, CHI '07 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems, April 28-May 03, 2007, San Jose, CA, USA
	Federica Cena , Luca Console , Cristina Gena , Anna Goy , Guido Levi , Sonia Modeo , Ilaria Torre, Integrating heterogeneous adaptation techniques to build a flexible and usable mobile tourist guide, AI Communications, v.19 n.4, p.369-384, December 2006
	Susan L. Keenan , H. Rex Hartson , Dennis G. Kafura , Robert S. Schulman, The Usability Problem Taxonomy: A Framework for Classificationand Analysis, Empirical Software Engineering, v.4 n.1, p.71-104, March 1999
	A. Rizzo , O. Parlangeli , E. Marchigiani , S. Bagnara, The management of human errors in user-centered design, ACM SIGCHI Bulletin, v.28 n.3, p.114-118, July 1996
	Carlos Jensen , Colin Potts, Experimental evaluation of a lightweight method for augmenting requirements analysis, Proceedings of the 1st ACM international workshop on Empirical assessment of software engineering languages and technologies: held in conjunction with the 22nd IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE) 2007, p.49-54, November 05-05, 2007, Atlanta, Georgia
	Bernard Susser, A defense of checklists for courseware evaluation, ReCALL, v.13 n.2, p.261-276, November 2001
	Jack K. Beaton , Brad A. Myers , Jeffrey Stylos , Sae Young (Sophie) Jeong , Yingyu (Clare) Xie, Usability evaluation for enterprise SOA APIs, Proceedings of the 2nd international workshop on Systems development in SOA environments, May 11-11, 2008, Leipzig, Germany
	Kasper Hornbæk , Erik Frøkjær, Making use of business goals in usability evaluation: an experiment with novice evaluators, Proceeding of the twenty-sixth annual SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, April 05-10, 2008, Florence, Italy
	Erik Frøkjær , Kasper Hornbæk, Metaphors of human thinking for usability inspection and design, ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI), v.14 n.4, p.1-33, January 2008
	Tasha Hollingsed , David G. Novick, Usability inspection methods after 15 years of research and practice, Proceedings of the 25th annual ACM international conference on Design of communication, October 22-24, 2007, El Paso, Texas, USA
	Kayce N. Reed , Dennis P. Groth, Looking good on the web: evaluating the visual impact of political websites, CHI '08 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems, April 05-10, 2008, Florence, Italy
	Nicoletta Adamo-Villani , Kelly Wright, SMILE: an immersive learning game for deaf and hearing children, ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 educators program, August 05-09, 2007, San Diego, California
	Samuel Ssemugabi , Ruth de Villiers, A comparative study of two usability evaluation methods using a web-based e-learning application, Proceedings of the 2007 annual research conference of the South African institute of computer scientists and information technologists on IT research in developing countries, p.132-142, October 02-03, 2007, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
	David Pinelle , Carl Gutwin, Evaluating teamwork support in tabletop groupware applications using collaboration usability analysis, Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, v.12 n.3, p.237-254, January 2008
	Brian P. Bailey , Jacob T. Biehl , Damon J. Cook , Heather E. Metcalf, Adapting paper prototyping for designing user interfaces for multiple display environments, Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, v.12 n.3, p.269-277, January 2008
	Peter C. Wright , Robert E. Fields , Michael D. Harrison, Analyzing human-computer interaction as distributed cognition: the resources model, Human-Computer Interaction, v.15 n.1, p.1-41, March 2000
	Wayne D. Gray , Marilyn C. Salzman, Damaged merchandise? a review of experiments that compare usability evaluation methods, Human-Computer Interaction, v.13 n.3, p.203-261, September 1998
	Gary M. Olson , Thomas P. Moran, Commentary on "Damaged merchandise?", Human-Computer Interaction, v.13 n.3, p.263-323, September 1998
	Julie Fisher , Annemieke Craig , John Bentley, Moving from a Web Presence to e-Commerce: The Importance of a Business-Web Strategy for Small-Business Owners, Electronic Markets, v.17 n.4, p.253-262, November 2007
	Paula J. Edwards , Kevin P. Moloney , Julie A. Jacko , François Sainfort, Evaluating usability of a commercial electronic health record: A case study, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, v.66 n.10, p.718-728, October, 2008
	Chen Ling , Gavriel Salvendy, Effect of evaluators' cognitive style on heuristic evaluation: Field dependent and field independent evaluators, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, v.67 n.4, p.382-393, April, 2009
	Rolf Molich , Joseph S. Dumas, Comparative usability evaluation (CUE-4), Behaviour & Information Technology, v.27 n.3, p.263-281, May 2008
	Mark Blythe , John Robinson , David Frohlich, Interaction design and the critics: what to make of the "weegie", Proceedings of the 5th Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction: building bridges, October 20-22, 2008, Lund, Sweden
	Jeni Paay , Jesper Kjeldskov, Understanding the user experience of location-based services: five principles of perceptual organisation applied, Journal of Location Based Services, v.2 n.4, p.267-286, December 2008
	Dionisios N. Dimakopoulos , George D. Magoulas, Interface design and evaluation of a personal information space for mobile learners, International Journal of Mobile Learning and Organisation, v.3 n.4, p.440-463, July 2009
	Janne Yukiko Y. Oeiras , David Leonardo M. Bentolila , Mayara Costa Figueiredo, Heva: uma ferramenta de suporte à avaliação heurística para sistemas web, Proceedings of the VIII Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems, October 21-24, 2008, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
	Vera Hollink , Maarten van Someren , Bob J. Wielinga, A semi-automatic usage-based method for improving hyperlink descriptions in menus, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, v.67 n.4, p.366-381, April, 2009
	Cynthia Kuo , Adrian Perrig , Jesse Walker, Designing user studies for security applications: a case study with wireless network configuration, International Journal of Security and Networks, v.4 n.1/2, p.101-109, February 2009
	M Sriram Iyengar , Jose F Florez-Arango , Carlos A Garcia, GuideView: a system for developing structured, multimodal, multi-platform persuasive applications, Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Persuasive Technology, April 26-29, 2009, Claremont, California
	Giasemi Vavoula , Mike Sharples , Paul Rudman , Julia Meek , Peter Lonsdale, Myartspace: Design and evaluation of support for learning with multimedia phones between classrooms and museums, Computers & Education, v.53 n.2, p.286-299, September, 2009
	Thomas Mahatody , Mouldi Sagar , Christophe Kolski, Cognitive Walkthrough pour l'évaluation des IHM: synthèse des extensions et évolutions conceptuelles, méthodologiques et technologiques, Proceedings of the 19th International Conference of the Association Francophone d'Interaction Homme-Machine, November 12-15, 2007, Paris, France
	Ashleigh-Jane Thompson , Elizabeth A. Kemp, Web 2.0: extending the framework for heuristic evaluation, Proceedings of the 10th International Conference NZ Chapter of the ACM's Special Interest Group on Human-Computer Interaction, p.29-36, July 06-07, 2009, Auckland, New Zealand
	David Geerts , Dirk De Grooff, Supporting the social uses of television: sociability heuristics for social tv, Proceedings of the 27th international conference on Human factors in computing systems, April 04-09, 2009, Boston, MA, USA
	Anders Bruun , Peter Gull , Lene Hofmeister , Jan Stage, Let your users do the testing: a comparison of three remote asynchronous usability testing methods, Proceedings of the 27th international conference on Human factors in computing systems, April 04-09, 2009, Boston, MA, USA