Augmented reality: linking real and virtual worlds: a new paradigm for interacting with computers

ABSTRACT

A revolution in computer interface design is changing the way we think about computers. Rather than typing on a keyboard and watching a television monitor, Augmented Reality lets people use familiar, everyday objects in ordinary ways. The difference is that these objects also provide a link into a computer network. Doctors can examine patients while viewing superimposed medical images; children can program their own LEGO constructions; construction engineers can use ordinary paper engineering drawings to communicate with distant colleagues. Rather than immersing people in an artificially-created virtual world, the goal is to augment objects in the physical world by enhancing them with a wealth of digital information and communication capabilities.

REFERENCES

• 1: Michael Bajura , Henry Fuchs , Ryutarou Ohbuchi, Merging virtual objects with the real world: seeing ultrasound imagery within the patient, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.26 n.2, p.203-210, July 1992
• 2: Thomas Baudel , Michel Beaudouin-Lafon, Charade: remote control of objects using free-hand gestures, Communications of the ACM, v.36 n.7, p.28-35, July 1993 [doi>10.1145/159544.159562]
• 3: Richard A. Bolt, “Put-that-there”: Voice and gesture at the graphics interface, Proceedings of the 7th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.262-270, July 14-18, 1980, Seattle, Washington, United States
• 4: Chung, J., Harris, M., Brooks, F., Fuchs, H., Kelley, M., Hughes, J., Ouh-young, M., Cheung, C., Holloway, R. and Pique, M. (1989) Exploring virtual worlds with head-mounted displays. In Proceedings SPIE Non-Holographic True 3-Dimensional Display Technologies, Vol. 1083. Los Angeles, Jan. 15--20.
• 5: Scott Elrod , Gene Hall , Rick Costanza , Michael Dixon , Jim Des Rivières, Responsive office environments, Communications of the ACM, v.36 n.7, p.84-85, July 1993 [doi>10.1145/159544.159626]
• 6: Steven Feiner , Blair Macintyre , Dorée Seligmann, Knowledge-based augmented reality, Communications of the ACM, v.36 n.7, p.53-62, July 1993 [doi>10.1145/159544.159587]
• 7: Krueger, M. (1983) Artificial Reality. NY: Addison-Wesley.
• 8: Thomas K. Landauer, The trouble with computers, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1995
• 9: Wendy E. Mackay , Glorianna Davenport, Virtual video editing in interactive multimedia applications, Communications of the ACM, v.32 n.7, p.802-810, July 1989 [doi>10.1145/65445.65447]
• 10: Mackay, W. (March 1996). Réalité Augmentée: le meilleur des deux mondes. La Recherche, numéro spécial L'ordinateur au doigt et à l'œil. Vol. 284.
• 11: Mackay, W., Faber, L., Launianen, P. and Pagani, D. (1993) Design of the High Road Demonstrator, D4.4, 30 September 1993, EuroCODE ESPRIT project 6155.
• 12: Wendy E. Mackay , Anne-Laure Fayard , Laurent Frobert , Lionel Médini, Reinventing the familiar: exploring an augmented reality design space for air traffic control, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, p.558-565, April 18-23, 1998, Los Angeles, California, United States [doi>10.1145/274644.274719]
• 13: W. Mackay , D. Pagani, Video mosaic: laying out time in a physical space, Proceedings of the second ACM international conference on Multimedia, p.165-172, October 15-20, 1994, San Francisco, California, United States [doi>10.1145/192593.192646]
• 14: W. E. Mackay , D. S. Pagani , L. Faber , B. Inwood , P. Launiainen , L. Brenta , V. Pouzol, Ariel: augmenting paper engineering drawings, Conference companion on Human factors in computing systems, p.421-422, May 07-11, 1995, Denver, Colorado, United States [doi>10.1145/223355.223763]
• 15: Wendy Mackay , Gilles Velay , Kathy Carter , Chaoying Ma , Daniele Pagani, Augmenting reality: adding computational dimensions to paper, Communications of the ACM, v.36 n.7, p.96-97, July 1993 [doi>10.1145/159544.159638]
• 16: Negroponte, N. (1997) Surfaces and Displays. Wired, January issue, pp. 212.
• 17: Newman, W., Eldridge, M., and Lamming, M. (1993) PEPYS: Generating autobiographies by automatic tracking. EuroPARC technical report series, Cambridge, England.
• 18: Pagani, D. and Mackay, W. (October 1994). Bringing media spaces into the real world. Proceedings of ECSCW'93, the European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, Milano, Italy: ACM.
• 19: Seymour Papert, Mindstorms: Children, computers, and powerful ideas, Basic Books, Inc., New York, NY, 1980
• 20: Mitchel Resnick, Behavior construction kits, Communications of the ACM, v.36 n.7, p.64-71, July 1993 [doi>10.1145/159544.159593]
• 21: Sutherland, I. (1968). A head-mounted three-dimensional display. In Proceedings FJCC '68, Thompson Books, Washington, D.C., pp. 757--764.
• 22: Pierre Wellner, The DigitalDesk calculator: tangible manipulation on a desk top display, Proceedings of the 4th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology, p.27-33, November 11-13, 1991, Hilton Head, South Carolina, United States [doi>10.1145/120782.120785]
• 23: Weiser, M. The Computer for the 21st Century. Scientific American.. September, 1991, vol. 265:3.
• 24: Pierre Wellner , Wendy Mackay , Rich Gold, Back to the real world, Communications of the ACM, v.36 n.7, p.24-27, July 1993 [doi>10.1145/159544.159555]
• 25: Shoshana Zuboff, In the age of the smart machine: the future of work and power, Basic Books, Inc., New York, NY, 1988

INDEX TERMS

Keywords:
augmented reality, design space exploration, interactive paper, participatory design