Computer generated animation of faces

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Computer generated animation of faces

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ACM Annual Conference/Annual Meeting archive
Proceedings of the ACM annual conference - Volume 1 table of contents

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

SESSION: SIGGRAPH 1 - Computer graphics table of contents

Pages: 451 - 457

Year of Publication: 1972

Author

Frederick I. Parke

University of Utah

Sponsor

ACM: Association for Computing Machinery

Publisher

ACM New York, NY, USA

Bibliometrics

Downloads (6 Weeks): 19, Downloads (12 Months): 183, Citation Count: 48

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abstract references cited by index terms collaborative colleagues

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ABSTRACT

This paper describes the representation, animation and data collection techniques that have been used to produce "realistic" computer generated half-tone animated sequences of a human face changing expression. It was determined that approximating the surface of a face with a polygonal skin containing approximately 250 polygons defined by about 400 vertices is sufficient to achieve a realistic face. Animation was accomplished using a cosine interpolation scheme to fill in the intermediate frames between expressions. This approach is good enough to produce realistic facial motion. The three-dimensional data used to describe the expressions of the face was obtained photogrammetrically using pairs of photographs.

REFERENCES

Note: OCR errors may be found in this Reference List extracted from the full text article. ACM has opted to expose the complete List rather than only correct and linked references.

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	Edwin Catmull, The problems of computer-assisted animation, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.12 n.3, p.348-353, August 1978
	J. N. England, A system for interactive modeling of physical curved surface objects, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.12 n.3, p.336-340, August 1978
	Frédéric Pighin , Jamie Hecker , Dani Lischinski , Richard Szeliski , David H. Salesin, Synthesizing realistic facial expressions from photographs, Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.75-84, July 1998
	Volker Blanz , Thomas Vetter, A morphable model for the synthesis of 3D faces, Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.187-194, July 1999
	Paul Debevec , Tim Hawkins , Chris Tchou , Haarm-Pieter Duiker , Westley Sarokin , Mark Sagar, Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face, Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.145-156, July 2000
	Fabian Di Fiore , Frank Van Reeth, Mimicing 3D transformations of emotional stylised animation with minimal 2D input, Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australasia and South East Asia, February 11-14, 2003, Melbourne, Australia
	Takaaki Akimoto , Yasuhito Suenaga , Richard S. Wallace, Automatic Creation of 3D Facial Models, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, v.13 n.5, p.16-22, September 1993
	Jianhua Tao , Tieniu Tan, Emotional Chinese talking head system, Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Multimodal interfaces, October 13-15, 2004, State College, PA, USA
	Christoph Bregler , Lorie Loeb , Erika Chuang , Hrishi Deshpande, Turning to the masters: motion capturing cartoons, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.21 n.3, July 2002
	Sandra Baldassarri , Diego Gutierrez Perez , Francisco Seron Arbeloa, Modelling objects with changing shapes: a survey, Machine Graphics & Vision International Journal, v.11 n.4, p.399-430, 2002
	Pushkar Joshi , Wen C. Tien , Mathieu Desbrun , Frédéric Pighin, Learning controls for blend shape based realistic facial animation, Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation, July 26-27, 2003, San Diego, California
	Jin-xiang Chai , Jing Xiao , Jessica Hodgins, Vision-based control of 3D facial animation, Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation, July 26-27, 2003, San Diego, California
	Darren Cosker , Susan Paddock , David Marshall , Paul. L. Rosin , Simon Rushton, Towards perceptually realistic talking heads: models, methods and McGurk, Proceedings of the 1st Symposium on Applied perception in graphics and visualization, August 07-08, 2004, Los Angeles, California
	Zhengyou Zhang , Zicheng Liu , Dennis Adler , Michael F. Cohen , Erik Hanson , Ying Shan, Robust and Rapid Generation of Animated Faces from Video Images: A Model-Based Modeling Approach, International Journal of Computer Vision, v.58 n.2, p.93-119, July 2004
	Li Zhang , Noah Snavely , Brian Curless , Steven M. Seitz, Spacetime faces: high resolution capture for modeling and animation, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.23 n.3, August 2004
	J. P. Lewis , Jonathan Mooser , Zhigang Deng , Ulrich Neumann, Reducing blendshape interference by selected motion attenuation, Proceedings of the 2005 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games, April 03-06, 2005, Washington, District of Columbia
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	Darren Cosker , Susan Paddock , David Marshall , Paul L. Rosin , Simon Rushton, Toward Perceptually Realistic Talking Heads: Models, Methods, and McGurk, ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP), v.2 n.3, p.270-285, July 05
	Eftychios Sifakis , Andrew Selle , Avram Robinson-Mosher , Ronald Fedkiw, Simulating speech with a physics-based facial muscle model, Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation, September 02-04, 2006, Vienna, Austria
	Frederic Pighin , Jamie Hecker , Dani Lischinski , Richard Szeliski , David H. Salesin, Synthesizing realistic facial expressions from photographs, ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Courses, July 30-August 03, 2006, Boston, Massachusetts
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	Mark L. Gillenson , B. Chandrasekaran, WHATSISFACE: human facial composition by computer graphics, Proceedings of the 2nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.212-221, June 25-27, 1975, Bowling Green, Ohio
	Pushkar Joshi , Wen C. Tien , Mathieu Desbrun , Frederic Pighin, Learning controls for blend shape based realistic facial animation, ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Courses, July 30-August 03, 2006, Boston, Massachusetts
	C. Chen , E. C. Prakash, Physically based facial expression synthesizer with performance analysis and GPU-aided simulation, Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Game research and development, p.171-176, December 04-06, 2006, Perth, Australia
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	Pushkar Joshi , Wen C. Tien , Mathieu Desbrun , Frédéric Pighin, Learning controls for blend shape based realistic facial animation, ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Courses, July 31-August 04, 2005, Los Angeles, California
	Mauricio Radovan , Laurette Pretorius, Facial animation in a nutshell: past, present and future, Proceedings of the 2006 annual research conference of the South African institute of computer scientists and information technologists on IT research in developing couuntries, p.71-79, October 09-11, 2006, Somerset West, South Africa
	Won-Sook Lee , Andrew Soon, Mesh resolution augmentation using 3D skin bank, Computer-Aided Design, v.39 n.7, p.610-621, July, 2007
	Marco Fratarcangeli , Marco Schaerf , Robert Forchheimer, Facial motion cloning with radial basis functions in MPEG-4 FBA, Graphical Models, v.69 n.2, p.106-118, March, 2007
	Manfred Lau , Jinxiang Chai , Ying-Qing Xu , Heung-Yeung Shum, Face poser: interactive modeling of 3D facial expressions using model priors, Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation, August 02-04, 2007, San Diego, California
	C. Chen , Edmond C. Prakash, Adaptive processing of range scanned head: synthesis of personalized animated human face representation with multiple-level radial basis function, EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing, v.2007 n.1, p.208-208, 1 January 2007
	David Sturman, The state of computer animation, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.32 n.1, p.57-61, Feb. 1998
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	Steve DiPaola , Ali Arya, A framework for socially communicative faces for game and interactive learning applications, Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Future Play, November 14-17, 2007, Toronto, Canada
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INDEX TERMS

Keywords:
computer animation, computer graphics, cosine interpolation, facial topology, flexible surfaces, half-tone rendering, polygonal surfaces, smooth shading, three-dimensional data acquisition

Collaborative Colleagues:

Frederick I. Parke: colleagues

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