|
ABSTRACT
Users perceive consistency and inconsistency in syntax, and family resemblances among syntactic constructions. These factors are not captured in conventional BNF-like grammars. We argue that a generalised form of a two-level grammar is a better model of the user's perceptions, and show how the model relates to current psychological notions of organisation in recall and language learning. The model provides a unified interpretation of many previous results in HCI: we analyse here findings by Reisner (1981) and Barnard et al. (1981). Two preliminary experimental tests supporting the model are described.
REFERENCES
Note: OCR errors may be found in this Reference List extracted from the full text article. ACM has opted to expose the complete List rather than only correct and linked references.
| |
1
|
Barnard, P.J., Hammond, N.V., Morton, J. and Long, J. (1981) Consistency and compatibility in command languages. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 15, 87-134.
|
| |
2
|
Carroll, J.M., (1980) Learning, usign and designing command paradigms. Report No. RC 8141, IBM Watson Research Center, New York.
|
| |
3
|
Clark, E.V. and Hecht, B.V. (1982) Learning to coin agent and instrument nouns. Cognition, 12, 1-24.
|
| |
4
|
Cleaveland, J.C. and Uzgalis, R.C., (1977) Grammars for Programming Languages. New York: Elsevier.
|
| |
5
|
Gazdar, G. (1982) Phrase structure grammar. In Jacobson, P. & Pullum, G.K. (Eds.) The Nature of Syntactic Representation. Dordrecht: Reidel.
|
| |
6
|
Green, T.R.G. (1983) Learning big and little programming languages. In Wilkinson, A.C. (Ed.) Classroom Computers and Cognitive Science. New York: Academic Press.
|
| |
7
|
Moran, T.P. (1981)The command language grammar. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 15, 3-50.
|
| |
8
|
Neisser, U. and Weene, P. (1962) Hierarchies in concept attainment. Journal of Experimental Psychology,64, 6, 640-645.
|
| |
9
|
|
| |
10
|
Reber, A.S., Kassin, S.M., Lewis, S. and Cantor, G. (1980) On the relationship between implicit and explicit modes in the learning of a complex rule structure. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 6, 5, 492-502.
|
| |
11
|
Reisner, P. (1981) Formal grammar and design of an interactive system. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 5, 229-240.
|
| |
12
|
Rosch, E. and Lloyd, B. (1979) Cognition and Categorisation. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.
|
| |
13
|
Rosenberg, J.K. (1982) Evaluating the suggestiveness of command names. Behaviour and Information Technology, 1, 4, 371-400.
|
| |
14
|
Treisman, A.M. (1965) Verbal responses and contextual constraints in language. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 4, 118-128.
|
| |
15
|
Tulving, E. (1962) Subjective organisation in free recall of "unrelated" words. Psychological Review, 69, 344-354.
|
| |
16
|
Tulving, E. and Donaldson, W. (Eds.) (1972) Organization and Memory. New York: Academic Press.
|
| |
17
|
Tversky, A. (1977) Features of similarity. Psychological Review, 84, 327-352.
|
| |
18
|
Tversky, A. (1979) Studies in similarity. In Rosch, E. and Lloyd, B. (Eds.) Cognition and Categorisation. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.
|
| |
19
|
van Wijngaarden, A. (1966) Recursive definition of syntax and semantics. In Steel, T.B. (Ed.) Formal Description Languages for Computer Programming. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
|
| |
20
|
|
CITED BY 6
|
|
A. Savidis , A. Paramythis , D. Akoumianakis , C. Stephanidis, Designing user-adapted interfaces: the unified design method for transformable interactions, Proceedings of the conference on Designing interactive systems: processes, practices, methods, and techniques, p.323-334, August 18-20, 1997, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|