Getting into a system

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Getting into a system: External-internal task mapping analysis

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Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems archive
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems table of contents

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Pages: 45 - 49

Year of Publication: 1983

ISBN:0-89791-121-0

Author

Thomas P. Moran

Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, 3333 Coyote Hill Road, Palo Alto, CA

Sponsors

SIGCHI: ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction
Human Factors Soc : Human Factors Society

Publisher

ACM New York, NY, USA

Bibliometrics

Downloads (6 Weeks): 9, Downloads (12 Months): 31, Citation Count: 22

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ABSTRACT

A task analysis technique, called ETIT analysis, is introduced. It is based on the idea that tasks in the external world must be reformulated into the internal concepts of a computer system before the system can be used. The analysis is in the form of a mapping between sets of external tasks and internal tasks. An example analysis of several text editing systems is presented, and various properties of the systems are derived from the analysis. Further, it is shown how this analysis can be used to assess the potential transfer of knowledge from one system to another, i.e., how much knowing one system helps with learning another. Several issues are briefly discussed.

REFERENCES

Note: OCR errors may be found in this Reference List extracted from the full text article. ACM has opted to expose the complete List rather than only correct and linked references.

	1	Stuart K. Card , Allen Newell , Thomas P. Moran, The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Mahwah, NJ, 1983
	2	Sarah Ann Douglas, Learning to text edit: semantics in procedural skill acquisition, 1983
	3	Meister, D. (1976). Behavioral Foundations of System Development. New York: Wiley.
	4	Moran, T. P. (1981). The Command Language Grammar: a representation for the user interface of interactive computer systems. \|International Journal of Man-Machine Studies,# 15, 3-50.
	5	Moran, T.P. (1982). From task to interaction: what the user must know. Invited talk presented at the Graphics '82 Conference, Toronto, Canada.
	6	Teresa L. Roberts , Thomas P. Moran, The evaluation of text editors: methodology and empirical results., Communications of the ACM, v.26 n.4, p.265-283, April 1983 [doi>10.1145/2163.2164]
	7	Young, R.M. (1981). The machine inside the machine: users' models of pocket calculators. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 15, 51-85.
	8	Young, R. M. (1983). Surrogates and mappings: two kinds of conceptual models for interactive devices. In A. L. Stevens and D. Gentner, eds., Mental Models, pp. 35-52. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum.

CITED BY 22

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	D. P. Browne , B. Sharratt , M. Norman, The formal specification of adaptive user interfaces using command language grammar, ACM SIGCHI Bulletin, v.17 n.4, p.256-260, April 1986
	Richard M. Young , Joyce Whittington, Using a knowledge analysis to predict conceptual errors in text-editor usage, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems: Empowering people, p.91-98, April 01-05, 1990, Seattle, Washington, United States
	Gerhard Fischer , Scott Henninger , David Redmiles, Cognitive tools for locating and comprehending software objects for reuse, Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Software engineering, p.318-328, May 13-17, 1991, Austin, Texas, United States
	Keith A. Butler, Usability engineering turns 10, interactions, v.3 n.1, p.58-75, Jan. 1996
	Susan S. Kirschenbaum , Wayne D. Gray , Brian D. Ehret , Sheryl L. Miller, When using the tool interferes with doing the task, Conference companion on Human factors in computing systems: common ground, p.203-204, April 13-18, 1996, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
	Melody Y. Ivory , Marti A Hearst, The state of the art in automating usability evaluation of user interfaces, ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), v.33 n.4, p.470-516, December 2001
	Hans Bergman , Jennifer Keene-Moore, The birth of a HELP system, Proceedings of the 1985 ACM annual conference on The range of computing : mid-80's perspective: mid-80's perspective, p.289-295, October 1985, Denver, Colorado, United States
	Gerhard Fischer , Scott Henninger , David Redmiles, Intertwining query construction and relevance evaluation, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems: Reaching through technology, p.55-62, April 27-May 02, 1991, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
	Gerhard Fischer , Curt Stevens, Information access in complex, poorly structured information spaces, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems: Reaching through technology, p.63-70, April 27-May 02, 1991, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
	H. U. Hoppe, Task-oriented parsing - a diagnostic method to be used adaptive systems, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, p.241-247, May 15-19, 1988, Washington, D.C., United States
	Susan E. McDaniel , Gary M. Olson , Judith S. Olson, Methods in search of methodology—combining HCI and object orientation, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems: celebrating interdependence, p.145-151, April 24-28, 1994, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
	Brad Mehlenbacher, Documentation: not yet implemented, but coming soon!, The human-computer interaction handbook: fundamentals, evolving technologies and emerging applications, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Mahwah, NJ, 2002
	Stuart Card , Thomas Moran, User technology—from pointing to pondering, Proceedings of the ACM Conference on The history of personal workstations, p.183-198, January 09-10, 1986, Palo Alto, California, United States
	Gary Marchionini , John Sibert, An agenda for human-computer interaction: science and engineering serving human needs, ACM SIGCHI Bulletin, v.23 n.4, p.17-32, Oct. 1991
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	Stephen J. Payne, Understanding calendar use, Human-Computer Interaction, v.8 n.2, p.83-100, June 1993
	Léon Harvey , Robert Rousseau, Development of text-editing skill: from semantic and syntactic mappings to procedures, Human-Computer Interaction, v.10 n.4, p.345-400, December 1995
	Mark K. Singley , John R. Anderson, A keystroke analysis of learning and transfer in text editing, Human-Computer Interaction, v.3 n.3, p.223-274, September 1987
	Stephen J. Payne , Helen R. Squibb , Andrew Howes, The nature of device models: the yoked state space hypothesis and some experiments with text editors, Human-Computer Interaction, v.5 n.4, p.415-444, December 1990
	Stephen J. Payne , T. R. G. Green, Task-action grammars: a model of the mental representation of task languages, Human-Computer Interaction, v.2 n.2, p.93-133, June 1986