The Eigentrust algorithm for reputation management in P2P networks

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The Eigentrust algorithm for reputation management in P2P networks

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International World Wide Web Conference archive
Proceedings of the 12th international conference on World Wide Web table of contents

Budapest, Hungary

SESSION: Protocols table of contents

Pages: 640 - 651

Year of Publication: 2003

ISBN:1-58113-680-3

Authors

Sepandar D. Kamvar	Stanford University, Stanford, CA
Mario T. Schlosser	Stanford University, Stanford, CA
Hector Garcia-Molina	Stanford University, Stanford, CA

Sponsor

ACM: Association for Computing Machinery

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ACM New York, NY, USA

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Downloads (6 Weeks): 75, Downloads (12 Months): 471, Citation Count: 200

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ABSTRACT

Peer-to-peer file-sharing networks are currently receiving much attention as a means of sharing and distributing information. However, as recent experience shows, the anonymous, open nature of these networks offers an almost ideal environment for the spread of self-replicating inauthentic files.We describe an algorithm to decrease the number of downloads of inauthentic files in a peer-to-peer file-sharing network that assigns each peer a unique global trust value, based on the peer's history of uploads. We present a distributed and secure method to compute global trust values, based on Power iteration. By having peers use these global trust values to choose the peers from whom they download, the network effectively identifies malicious peers and isolates them from the network.In simulations, this reputation system, called EigenTrust, has been shown to significantly decrease the number of inauthentic files on the network, even under a variety of conditions where malicious peers cooperate in an attempt to deliberately subvert the system.

REFERENCES

Note: OCR errors may be found in this Reference List extracted from the full text article. ACM has opted to expose the complete List rather than only correct and linked references.

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	Omid Tafreschi , Dominique Mähler , Janina Fengel , Michael Rebstock , Claudia Eckert, A reputation system for electronic negotiations, Computer Standards & Interfaces, v.30 n.6, p.351-360, August, 2008
	Yaacov Fernandess , Dahlia Malkhi, On spreading recommendations via social gossip, Proceedings of the twentieth annual symposium on Parallelism in algorithms and architectures, June 14-16, 2008, Munich, Germany
	Gianluca Lax , Giuseppe M. Sarné, CellTrust: a reputation model for C2C commerce, Electronic Commerce Research, v.8 n.4, p.193-216, December 2008
	Bo Pang , Lillian Lee, Opinion Mining and Sentiment Analysis, Foundations and Trends in Information Retrieval, v.2 n.1-2, p.1-135, January 2008
	Jérôme Kunegis , Andreas Lommatzsch , Christian Bauckhage, The slashdot zoo: mining a social network with negative edges, Proceedings of the 18th international conference on World wide web, April 20-24, 2009, Madrid, Spain
	Guanfeng Liu , Yuebin Xu , Shanzhou Ma, A new resource selection approach based on reputation driven Min-min algorithm in the grid economy, Proceedings of the 2007 Asian technology information program's (ATIP's) 3rd workshop on High performance computing in China: solution approaches to impediments for high performance computing, November 11-11, 2007, Reno, Nevada
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	Andrew Roczniak , Abdulmotaleb El Saddik , Ross Kouhi, Design of Application-Specific Incentives in P2P Networks, Proceedings of the 2008 12th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real-Time Applications, p.194-203, October 27-29, 2008
	Joan Feigenbaum , David C. Parkes , David M. Pennock, Computational challenges in e-commerce, Communications of the ACM, v.52 n.1, January 2009
	Andreas Haeberlen , Petr Kouznetsov , Peter Druschel, PeerReview: practical accountability for distributed systems, ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review, v.41 n.6, December 2007
	Chung-Wei Hang , Yonghong Wang , Munindar P. Singh, Operators for propagating trust and their evaluation in social networks, Proceedings of The 8th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, May 10-15, 2009, Budapest, Hungary
	Harry C. Li , Allen Clement , Edmund L. Wong , Jeff Napper , Indrajit Roy , Lorenzo Alvisi , Michael Dahlin, BAR gossip, Proceedings of the 7th symposium on Operating systems design and implementation, November 06-08, 2006, Seattle, Washington
	Sheikh Iqbal Ahamed , Munirul M. Haque , Nilothpal Talukder, Service sharing with trust in pervasive environment: now it's time to break the jinx, Proceedings of the 2008 ACM symposium on Applied computing, March 16-20, 2008, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
	Manuel Rodriguez-Perez , Oscar Esparza , Jose L. Muñoz, Surework: a super-peer reputation framework for p2p networks, Proceedings of the 2008 ACM symposium on Applied computing, March 16-20, 2008, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
	Ton van Deursen , Paul Koster , Milan Petković, Hedaquin: A Reputation-based Health Data Quality Indicator, Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science (ENTCS), v.197 n.2, p.159-167, February, 2008
	Shrija Rajbhandari , Omer F. Rana , Ian Wootten, A fuzzy model for calculating workflow trust using provenance data, Proceedings of the 15th ACM Mardi Gras conference: From lightweight mash-ups to lambda grids: Understanding the spectrum of distributed computing requirements, applications, tools, infrastructures, interoperability, and the incremental adoption of key capabilities, January 29-February 03, 2008, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
	Luciano Paschoal Gaspary , Marinho P. Barcellos , André Detsch , Rodolfo S. Antunes, Flexible security in peer-to-peer applications: Enabling new opportunities beyond file sharing, Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking, v.51 n.17, p.4797-4815, December, 2007
	Alvaro Arenas , Michael Wilson , Brian Matthews, On trust management in grids, Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Autonomic computing and communication systems, October 28-30, 2007, Rome, Italy
	Kenichi Watanabe , Yoshio Nakajima , Tomoya Enokido , Makoto Takizawa, Ranking factors in peer-to-peer overlay networks, ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems (TAAS), v.2 n.3, p.11-es, September 2007
	Zhengqiang Liang , Weisong Shi, Analysis of ratings on trust inference in open environments, Performance Evaluation, v.65 n.2, p.99-128, February, 2008
	Prithula Dhungel , Xiaojun Hei , Keith W. Ross , Nitesh Saxena, The pollution attack in P2P live video streaming: measurement results and defenses, Proceedings of the 2007 workshop on Peer-to-peer streaming and IP-TV, August 27-31, 2007, Kyoto, Japan
	Geneviève Arboit , Claude Crépeau , Carlton R. Davis , Muthucumaru Maheswaran, A localized certificate revocation scheme for mobile ad hoc networks, Ad Hoc Networks, v.6 n.1, p.17-31, January, 2008
	Sandro Etalle , Jerry den Hartog , Stephen Marsh, Trust and punishment, Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Autonomic computing and communication systems, October 28-30, 2007, Rome, Italy
	Lu Fan , Hamish Taylor , Phil Trinder, Mediator: a design framework for P2P MMOGs, Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Network and system support for games, p.43-48, September 19-20, 2007, Melbourne, Australia
	Koustuv Dasgupta , Rahul Singh , Balaji Viswanathan , Dipanjan Chakraborty , Sougata Mukherjea , Amit A. Nanavati , Anupam Joshi, Social ties and their relevance to churn in mobile telecom networks, Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Extending database technology: Advances in database technology, March 25-29, 2008, Nantes, France
	Tassos Dimitriou , Ghassan Karame , Ioannis Christou, SuperTrust: a secure and efficient framework for handling trust in super-peer networks, Proceedings of the twenty-sixth annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing, August 12-15, 2007, Portland, Oregon, USA
	Murat Karakaya , İbrahim Körpeoğlu , Özgür Ulusoy, Counteracting free riding in Peer-to-Peer networks, Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking, v.52 n.3, p.675-694, February, 2008
	Qing Zhang , Ting Yu , Peng Ning, A Framework for Identifying Compromised Nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks, ACM Transactions on Information and System Security (TISSEC), v.11 n.3, p.1-37, March 2008
	James Caverlee , Ling Liu , Steve Webb, Towards robust trust establishment in web-based social networks with socialtrust, Proceeding of the 17th international conference on World Wide Web, April 21-25, 2008, Beijing, China
	Yolanda Gil , Donovan Artz, Towards content trust of web resources, Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web, v.5 n.4, p.227-239, December, 2007
	Jennifer Golbeck , Bijan Parsia, Trust network-based filtering of aggregated claims, International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, v.1 n.1, p.58-65, January 2006
	Zhen Yu , William Sears , Yong Guan, PeerCredential: a reputation-based trust framework for Peer-to-Peer applications, International Journal of Information and Computer Security, v.1 n.3, p.256-277, June 2007
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	Murat Karakaya , İbrahim Körpeoğlu , Özgür Ulusoy, A connection management protocol for promoting cooperation in Peer-to-Peer networks, Computer Communications, v.31 n.2, p.240-256, February, 2008
	Konstantinos Katsaros , George C. Polyzos, Towards the realization of a mobile grid, Proceedings of the 2007 ACM CoNEXT conference, December 10-13, 2007, New York, New York
	Weiwei Yuan , Donghai Guan , Sungyoung Lee , Young-Koo Lee, A reputation system based on computing with words, Proceedings of the 2007 international conference on Wireless communications and mobile computing, August 12-16, 2007, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
	Wolf Müller , Henryk Plötz , Jens-Peter Redlich , Takashi Shiraki, Sybil proof anonymous reputation management, Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Security and privacy in communication netowrks, September 22-25, 2008, Istanbul, Turkey
	Karl Krukow , Mogens Nielsen , Vladimiro Sassone, A logical framework for history-based access control and reputation systems, Journal of Computer Security, v.16 n.1, p.63-101, January 2008
	Dongmei Jia, Cost-effective spam detection in p2p file-sharing systems, Proceeding of the 2008 ACM workshop on Large-Scale distributed systems for information retrieval, October 30-30, 2008, Napa Valley, California, USA
	Runfang Zhou , Kai Hwang, PowerTrust: A Robust and Scalable Reputation System for Trusted Peer-to-Peer Computing, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, v.18 n.4, p.460-473, April 2007
	Dagmara Spiewak , Volker Fusenig , Thomas Engel, The importance of location on trust in mobile networks, WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on COMMUNICATIONS, v.7 n.5, p.349-360, May 2008
	Johan A. Pouwelse , Pawel Garbacki , Dick Epema , Henk Sips, Pirates and Samaritans: A decade of measurements on peer production and their implications for net neutrality and copyright, Telecommunications Policy, v.32 n.11, p.701-712, December, 2008
	Jens Dietrich , Nathan Jones , Jevon Wright, Using social networking and semantic web technology in software engineering - Use cases, patterns, and a case study, Journal of Systems and Software, v.81 n.12, p.2183-2193, December, 2008
	Jason Sonnek , Abhishek Chandra , Jon Weissman, Adaptive Reputation-Based Scheduling on Unreliable Distributed Infrastructures, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, v.18 n.11, p.1551-1564, November 2007
	Bo Yang , William Cheung , Jiming Liu, Community Mining from Signed Social Networks, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, v.19 n.10, p.1333-1348, October 2007
	Guan-Yu Huang , Shun-Yun Hu , Jehn-Ruey Jiang, Scalable reputation management with trustworthy user selection for P2P MMOGs, International Journal of Advanced Media and Communication, v.2 n.4, p.380-401, December 2008
	Roman Spanek, SecGRID: model for maintaining trust in large-scale dynamic environments, International Journal of Grid and Utility Computing, v.1 n.2, p.146-158, December 2009
	Roman Spanek, SecGRID: model for maintaining trust in large-scale dynamic environments, International Journal of Grid and Utility Computing, v.1 n.2, p.146-158, December 2009
	Baruch Awerbuch , Robert Kleinberg, Competitive collaborative learning, Journal of Computer and System Sciences, v.74 n.8, p.1271-1288, December, 2008
	Paolo Ceravolo , Ernesto Damiani , Marco Viviani, Bottom-Up Extraction and Trust-Based Refinement of Ontology Metadata, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, v.19 n.2, p.149-163, February 2007
	James Caverlee , Ling Liu , Steve Webb, Socialtrust: tamper-resilient trust establishment in online communities, Proceedings of the 8th ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries, June 16-20, 2008, Pittsburgh PA, PA, USA
	Fumiaki Sato, Estimation of trustworthiness for P2P systems in a collusive attack, International Journal of Web and Grid Services, v.4 n.1, p.24-34, May 2008
	Min Shao , Sencun Zhu , Guohong Cao , Tom La Porta , Prasant Mohapatra, A cross-layer dropping attack in video streaming over ad hoc networks, Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Security and privacy in communication netowrks, September 22-25, 2008, Istanbul, Turkey
	Michael Backes , Cǎtǎlin Hritcu , Matteo Maffei, Type-checking zero-knowledge, Proceedings of the 15th ACM conference on Computer and communications security, October 27-31, 2008, Alexandria, Virginia, USA
	Mudhakar Srivatsa , Shane Balfe , Kenneth G. Paterson , Pankaj Rohatgi, Trust management for secure information flows, Proceedings of the 15th ACM conference on Computer and communications security, October 27-31, 2008, Alexandria, Virginia, USA
	Yafei Yang , Qinyuan Feng , Yan Lindsay Sun , Yafei Dai, RepTrap: a novel attack on feedback-based reputation systems, Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Security and privacy in communication netowrks, September 22-25, 2008, Istanbul, Turkey
	Dongmei Jia , Wai Gen Yee , Ophir Frieder, Spam characterization and detection in peer-to-peer file-sharing systems, Proceeding of the 17th ACM conference on Information and knowledge management, October 26-30, 2008, Napa Valley, California, USA
	Daniele Quercia , Stephen Hailes , Licia Capra, MobiRate: making mobile raters stick to their word, Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Ubiquitous computing, September 21-24, 2008, Seoul, Korea
	Adriano M. Pereira , Arlei Silva , Wagner Meira, Jr. , Virgilio Almeida, Seller's credibility in electronic markets: a complex network based approach, Proceedings of the 3rd workshop on Information credibility on the web, April 20-20, 2009, Madrid, Spain
	Zaki Malik , Athman Bouguettaya, Rater Credibility Assessment in Web Services Interactions, World Wide Web, v.12 n.1, p.3-25, March 2009
	Aaron Walters , David Zage , Cristina Nita Rotaru, A framework for mitigating attacks against measurement-based adaptation mechanisms in unstructured multicast overlay networks, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON), v.16 n.6, p.1434-1446, December 2008
	Reto Kohlas , Jacek Jonczy , Rolf Haenni, Towards a precise semantics for authenticity and trust, Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Privacy, Security and Trust: Bridge the Gap Between PST Technologies and Business Services, October 30-November 01, 2006, Markham, Ontario, Canada
	Jinshan Liu , Valérie Issarny, An incentive compatible reputation mechanism for ubiquitous computing environments, Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Privacy, Security and Trust: Bridge the Gap Between PST Technologies and Business Services, October 30-November 01, 2006, Markham, Ontario, Canada
	Junzhou Luo , Xudong Ni, A clustering analysis and agent-based trust model in a grid environment supporting virtual organisations, International Journal of Web and Grid Services, v.5 n.1, p.3-16, March 2009
	Fabrício Benevenuto , Tiago Rodrigues , Virgílio Almeida , Jussara Almeida , Marcos Gonçalves, Detecting spammers and content promoters in online video social networks, Proceedings of the 32nd international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval, July 19-23, 2009, Boston, MA, USA
	Animesh Nandi , Tsuen-Wan Johnny Ngan , Atul Singh , Peter Druschel , Dan S. Wallach, Scrivener: providing incentives in cooperative content distribution systems, Proceedings of the ACM/IFIP/USENIX 2005 International Conference on Middleware, p.270-291, November 01-01, 2005, Grenoble, France
	Josh Goodman , Clark Verbrugge, A peer auditing scheme for cheat elimination in MMOGs, Proceedings of the 7th ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Network and System Support for Games, October 21-22, 2008, Worcester, Massachusetts
	Thomas Locher , Remo Meier , Roger Wattenhofer , Stefan Schmid, Robust live media streaming in swarms, Proceedings of the 18th international workshop on Network and operating systems support for digital audio and video, June 03-05, 2009, Williamsburg, VA, USA
	Jin Wang , Huai-Jiang Sun, A new evidential trust model for open communities, Computer Standards & Interfaces, v.31 n.5, p.994-1001, September, 2009
	Natalya Fedotova , Luca Veltri, Reputation management algorithms for DHT-based peer-to-peer environment, Computer Communications, v.32 n.12, p.1400-1409, July, 2009
	Damjan Kovač , Denis Trček, Qualitative trust modeling in SOA, Journal of Systems Architecture: the EUROMICRO Journal, v.55 n.4, p.255-263, April, 2009
	Jingwei Huang , David Nicol, A calculus of trust and its application to PKI and identity management, Proceedings of the 8th Symposium on Identity and Trust on the Internet, April 14-16, 2009, Gaithersburg, Maryland
	William Conner , Arun Iyengar , Thomas Mikalsen , Isabelle Rouvellou , Klara Nahrstedt, A trust management framework for service-oriented environments, Proceedings of the 18th international conference on World wide web, April 20-24, 2009, Madrid, Spain
	Andrew G. West , Adam J. Aviv , Jian Chang , Vinayak S. Prabhu , Matt Blaze , Sampath Kannan , Insup Lee , Jonathan M. Smith , Oleg Sokolsky, QuanTM: a quantitative trust management system, Proceedings of the Second European Workshop on System Security, p.28-35, March 31-31, 2009, Nuremburg, Germany
	Patricia Victor , Chris Cornelis , Martine De Cock , Paulo Pinheiro da Silva, Gradual trust and distrust in recommender systems, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, v.160 n.10, p.1367-1382, May, 2009
	Zhuhua Cai , Ruichuan Chen , Jianqiao Feng , Cong Tang , Zhong Chen , Jianbin Hu, A holistic mechanism against file pollution in peer-to-peer networks, Proceedings of the 2009 ACM symposium on Applied Computing, March 08-12, 2009, Honolulu, Hawaii
	Nguyen Tran , Bonan Min , Jinyang Li , Lakshminarayanan Subramanian, Sybil-resilient online content voting, Proceedings of the 6th USENIX symposium on Networked systems design and implementation, p.15-28, April 22-24, 2009, Boston, Massachusetts
	Paul Resnick , Rahul Sami, Sybilproof transitive trust protocols, Proceedings of the tenth ACM conference on Electronic commerce, July 06-10, 2009, Stanford, California, USA
	Yarden Katz , Jennifer Golbeck, Social network-based trust in prioritized default logic, proceedings of the 21st national conference on Artificial intelligence, p.1345-1350, July 16-20, 2006, Boston, Massachusetts
	Javed I. Khan , Sajid S Shaikh, A phenotype reputation estimation function and its study of resilience to social attacks, Journal of Network and Computer Applications, v.32 n.4, p.913-924, July, 2009
	Junzhou Luo , Xudong Ni , Jianming Yong, A trust degree based access control in grid environments, Information Sciences: an International Journal, v.179 n.15, p.2618-2628, July, 2009
	Salvatore Vitabile , Vincenzo Conti , Carmelo Militello , Filippo Sorbello, An extended JADE-S based framework for developing secure Multi-Agent Systems, Computer Standards & Interfaces, v.31 n.5, p.913-930, September, 2009
	Adam J. Lee , Ting Yu, Towards a dynamic and composable model of trust, Proceedings of the 14th ACM symposium on Access control models and technologies, June 03-05, 2009, Stresa, Italy
	John O'Donovan , Vesile Evrim , Barry Smyth , Dennis McLeod , Paddy Nixon, Personalizing Trust in Online Auctions, Proceeding of the 2006 conference on STAIRS 2006: Proceedings of the Third Starting AI Researchers' Symposium, p.72-83, May 23, 2006
	Marco Gori , Augusto Pucci, ItemRank: a random-walk based scoring algorithm for recommender engines, Proceedings of the 20th international joint conference on Artifical intelligence, p.2766-2771, January 06-12, 2007, Hyderabad, India
	Kan Zhang , Nick Antonopoulos, Towards a Cluster Based Incentive Mechanism for P2P Networks, Proceedings of the 2009 9th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid, p.532-537, May 18-21, 2009
	Kenichi Watanabe , Tomoya Enokido , Makoto Takizawa, Trustworthiness of acquaintances in Peer-to-Peer overlay networks, International Journal of High Performance Computing and Networking, v.6 n.2, p.160-171, July 2009
	Rogerio Luis de Carvalho Costa , Pedro Furtado, Runtime Estimations, Reputation and Elections for Top Performing Distributed Query Scheduling, Proceedings of the 2009 9th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid, p.28-35, May 18-21, 2009
	Yuan Xue , Helmut Jürgensen, Random sampling key revocation scheme for distributed sensor networks, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on PErvsive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments, p.1-8, June 09-13, 2009, Corfu, Greece
	Sirui Yang , Hai Jin , Bo Li , Xiaofei Liao, A modeling framework of content pollution in Peer-to-Peer video streaming systems, Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking, v.53 n.15, p.2703-2715, October, 2009
	San-Yih Hwang , Lung-Shian Chen, Using trust for collaborative filtering in eCommerce, Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Electronic Commerce, August 12-15, 2009, Taipei, Taiwan
	Zaki Malik , Athman Bouguettaya, RATEWeb: Reputation Assessment for Trust Establishment among Web services, The VLDB Journal — The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases, v.18 n.4, p.885-911, August 2009
	Prashant Dewan , Partha Dasgupta , Amiya Bhattacharya, Mitigating routing vulnerabilities in ad hoc networks using reputations, International Journal of Information and Computer Security, v.3 n.2, p.150-172, October 2009
	Alireza Zarghami , Soude Fazeli , Nima Dokoohaki , Mihhail Matskin, Social Trust-Aware Recommendation System: A T-Index Approach, Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Joint Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology, p.85-90, September 15-18, 2009
	Tal Grinshpoun , Nurit Gal-Oz , Amnon Meisels , Ehud Gudes, CCR: A Model for Sharing Reputation Knowledge Across Virtual Communities, Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Joint Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology, p.34-41, September 15-18, 2009
	Ashwin Swaminathan , Renan G. Cattelan , Cherian V. Mathew , Ydo Wexler , Darko Kirovski, Relating Reputation and Money in On-line Markets, Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Joint Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology, p.639-646, September 15-18, 2009