Take a look at the new version of this page: [ beta version ]. Tell us what you think.

ABSTRACT

The authors detail an integrated system which combines natural language processing with speech understanding in the context of a problem solving dialogue. The MINDS system uses a variety of pragmatic knowledge sources to dynamically generate expectations of what a user is likely to say.

REFERENCES

• 1: Allen, J.F. and Perrault. CR. Analyzing intention in utterances. Art. INTEl. 15, 3 (1980). 143-178.
• 2: Bahl, L.R., Jelinek, F., and Mercer, R.L. A maximum likelihood approach to continuous speech recognition. IEEE Trans. Pati. Anal. and Mach. Intell. 5. 2 (19831, 179-190.
• 3: Barnett, J. A vocal data management system. ZEEE Trans. Audio and Elccfroacoustics AU-Z}, 3 (June 1973). 185-186.
• 4: A. Biermann , R. Rodman , B. Ballard , T. Betancourt , G. Bilbro , H. Deas , L. Fineman , P. Fink , K. Gilbert , D. Gregory , F. Heidlage, Interactive natural language problem solving: a pragmatic approach, Proceedings of the first conference on Applied natural language processing, February 01-03, 1983, Santa Monica, California [doi>10.3115/974194.974231]
• 5: Luigi Borghesi , Chiara Favareto, Flexible parsing of discretely uttered sentences, Proceedings of the 9th conference on Computational linguistics, p.37-42, July 05-10, 1982, Prague, Czechoslovakia [doi>10.3115/991813.991819]
• 6: Chapanis, A. Interactive human communication: Some lessons learned from laboratory experiments. In Shackel, B., Ed. Man- Compuler Interaction: Humn Factors Aspects of Computers and People, Sijthoff and Noordhoff, Rockville. Md. 1981. pp. 65-114.
• 7: David N Chin, Intelligent Agents as a Basis for Natural Language Interfaces, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 1987
• 8: Cohen, P.R. and Perrault, CR. Elements of a plan-based theory of speech acts. Cog. Sci. 3 (1979) 177-212.
• 9: Lee D. Ermon , Victor R. Lesser, The hearsay-II speech understanding system: a tutorial, Readings in speech recognition, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., San Francisco, CA, 1990
• 10: Pamela K. Fink , Alan W. Biermann, The correction of ill-formed input using history-based expectation with applications to speech understanding, Computational Linguistics, v.12 n.1, p.13-36, January-March 1986
• 11: Robert Eric Frederking, Natural language dialogue in an integrated computational model, 1986
• 12: Gatward, R.A., Johnson, S.R. and Conolly. J.H. A natural language processing system based on functional grammar. Speech Input/Output: Techniques and Applications, Institute for Electrical Engineers, 1986. pp. 125-128.
• 13: Grosz, B.J. The representation and use of focus in dialogue understanding. SRI Stanford Research Institute. Stanford, CA, 1977.
• 14: Hauptmann, A.G. Young, S.R., and Ward, W.H. Using dialog-level knowledge sources to improve speech recognition. In Proceedings of AAAI-88, The 7fh Nafional Conference on Artificial Intelligence, American Association for Artificial Intelligence. 1988. pp. 729-733. Saint Paul, MN.
• 15: Alexander G. Hauptmann , Alexander I. Rudnicky, Talking to computers: an empirical investigation, International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, v.28 n.6, p.583-604, June 1988 [doi>10.1016/S0020-7373(88)80062-2]
• 16: Philip J. Hayes , Alexander G. Hauptmann , Jaime G. Carbonell , Masaru Tomita, Parsing spoken language: a semantic caseframe approach, Proceedings of the 11th coference on Computational linguistics, August 25-29, 1986, Bonn, Germany [doi>10.3115/991365.991537]
• 17: Kimball, 0. Price, P. Roucos, S., Schwartz, R., Kubala. F. Chow, Y.-L., Haas. A., Kramer. M. and Makhoul. J. Recognition performance and grammatical constraints. In Proceedings of the DARPA Speech Recognifim Workshop, Science Applications International Corporation Report Number SAIC-86/1546, 1986. pp. 53-59.
• 18: Wayne A. Lea, Trends in Speech Recognition, Prentice Hall PTR, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1980
• 19: Kai-Fu Lee , Raj Reddy, Large-vocabulary speaker-independent continuous speech recognition: the sphinx system, 1988
• 20: Levinson, SE. and Rabiner, L.R. A task-oriented conversational mode speech understanding system. Bibliofheca Phonetica 12 (1985). 149-196.
• 21: Levinson, SE., and Shipley, K.L. A conversational-mode airline information and reservation system using speech input and output. The Bell Systems Technical \ournal 59 (1980), 119-137.
• 22: Litman, D.J., and Allen, J.F. A plan recognition model for subdialogues in conversation. Cog. Sri. 11, 2 (1987). 163-200.
• 23: Lowerre, B. and Reddy, R. The Hearsay Speech Understanding System. In Trends in Speech Recogrlifion, W.A. Lea (Ed.). Prentice-Hall. Englewood Cliffs. N.J. 1980.
• 24: Allen Newell, Human Problem Solving, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1972
• 25: Reddy, R. and Newell, A. Knowledge and its representation in a speech understanding system. In Knowledge and Cogtion, Gregg L.W., Ed. L. Erlbaum Associates, Potomac, Md., 1974. pp. 256-282.
• 26: Sacerdoti. E.D. Planning in a hierarchy of abstraction spaces. Artif. Intell. 5. 2 (1974), 115-135.
• 27: Candace L. Sidner, Focusing for interpretation of pronouns, Computational Linguistics, v.7 n.4, p.217-231, October-December 1981
• 28: Stern, R.M., Ward, W.H., Hauptmann, A.G., and Leon, J. Sentence parsing with weak grammatical constraints. ICASSP-87. 1987. pp. 380-383.
• 29: Tomabechi, H. and Tomita, M. The integration of unification-based syntax/semantics and memory-based pragmatics for real-time understanding of noisy continuous speech input. In Proceedings of AAAI-88, The 7th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, American Association for Artificial Intelligence, 1988, pp. 724-728. Saint Paul, MN.
• 30: Walker, D.E. SRI research on speech recognition. In W.A. Lea (Ed.) Trends in Speech Recognition. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1980.
• 31: Ward, W.H. Hauptmann, A.G., Stern, R.M. and Chanak, T. Parsing spoken phrases despite missing words. ICASSP-88, 1988.
• 32: Robert Wilensky, Understanding goal-based stories., 1978
• 33: Wilensky, R. Plamring and Undersfanding. Addison Wesley, Reading, Mass., 1983.
• 34: Terry Winograd, Language As a Cognitive Process: Syntax, Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc., Boston, MA, 1982
• 35: Wolf, J.J. and Woods, W.A. The HWlH Speech Understanding Systems. In W.A. Lea (Ed.) Trends in Speech Recognition. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1980.
• 36: Woods, W.A. Bates, M., Brown, G., Bruce, B. Cook, C., Klovstad, J., Makhoul, J., Nash-Webber. B., Schwartz, R. Wolf, J,. and Zue, V. Speech understanding systems-Final technical report. Tech. Rep. 3438, Bolt, Beranek. and Newman. Inc., Cambridge, Mass., 1976.
• 37: Young, S.R. Hauptmann, A.G. and Ward, W.H. An integrated speech and natural language dialog system: Using dialog knowledge in speech recognition. Department of Computer Science, CMU-CS- 88-128, Carnegie-Mellon University, April, 1988.
• 38: Young, S.R., and Ward, W.H. Towards habitable systems: Use of world knowledge to dynamically constrain speech recognition. 2d Symposium ou Advanced Man-Machine Interfaces fhrough Spoken Language, Hawaii. Nov., 1988. (submitted}.

INDEX TERMS

Primary Classification:
  I. Computing Methodologies
  I.2 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
      I.2.7 Natural Language Processing
          Subjects: Speech recognition and synthesis

Additional Classification:
  I. Computing Methodologies
  I.2 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
      I.2.1 Applications and Expert Systems

          Nouns: MINDS

General Terms:
Design, Human Factors, Performance, Theory