|
ABSTRACT
This paper presents an in-depth examination of the 4.2 Berkeley Software Distribution, Virtual VAX-11 Version (4.2BSD), which is a version of the UNIX Time-Sharing System. There are notes throughout on 4.3BSD, the forthcoming system from the University of California at Berkeley. We trace the historical development of the UNIX system from its conception in 1969 until today, and describe the design principles that have guided this development. We then present the internal data structures and algorithms used by the kernel to support the user interface. In particular, we describe process management, memory management, the file system, the I/O system, and communications. These are treated in as much detail as the UNIX licenses will allow. We conclude with a brief description of the user interface and a set of bibliographic notes.
REFERENCES
Note: OCR errors may be found in this Reference List extracted from the full text article. ACM has opted to expose the complete List rather than only correct and linked references.
 |
1
|
|
| |
2
|
BACH, M. J., AND BUROFF, S. J. 1984. Multiprocessor UNIX systems. A T&T Bell Lab. Tech J., 1733-1749.
|
| |
3
|
BECK, R., AND KASTEN, R. 1985. VLSI assist in building a multiprocessor UNIX system. In USENIX Association Conference Proceedings (Portland, Oreg., June 11-14). USENIX Assoc., E1 Cerrito, Calif., pp. 255-275.
|
| |
4
|
BELL, C. G. 1985. Multis: A new class of multiprocessor computers. Science 228, 462-467.
|
| |
5
|
BLTJ 1984. The UNIX system. AT&T Bell Lab. Tech. J. 63, 8 (Oct.).
|
| |
6
|
BOURNE, S. R. 1978. An introduction to the UNIX shell. Bell Syst. Tech. J. 1947-1972.
|
| |
7
|
BOURNE, S. R. 1983. The UNIX System. Addison- Wesley, Reading, Mass.
|
| |
8
|
BSTJ 1978. UNIX time-sharing systems. Bell Syst. Tech. J. 57, 6, Pt. 2 (july-Aug.).
|
| |
9
|
BUTTERFIELD, D., AND POPEK, B. 1984. Network tasking in the LOCUS Distributed UNIX system. In USENIX Association Conference Proceedings (Salt Lake City, Utah, June 12-15). USENIX Assoc., El Cerrito, Calif., pp. 62-71.
|
| |
10
|
CABRERA, L. F., KARELS, M. J., AND MOSHER, D. 1985. The impact of buffer management on networking software performance in Berkeley UNIX 4.2BSD: A case study. In USENiX Association Conference Proceedings (Portland, Oreg., June 11-14). USENIX Assoc., E1 Cerrito, Calif., pp. 507-518.
|
| |
11
|
CERF, V. G., AND CAIN, E. 1983. The DoD internet architecture model. Comput. Networks 7, 307- 318.
|
| |
12
|
CHAMBERS, J. B., AND QUARTERMAN, J. S. 1983. UNIX System V and 4.1C BSD. In USENIX Conference Proceedings (Toronto, Ontario, June). USENIX Assoc., El Cerrito, Calif., pp. 267-291. 4.1C BSD was the test version immediately preceding 4.2BSD, and is much more closely related to 4.2BSD than to 4.1BSD. Papers appear in the distributed documentation for both System V and 4.2BSD detailing their differences from their predecessors.
|
| |
13
|
|
| |
14
|
COMPTON, M., ED. 1985. The evolution of UNIX. UNIX Rev. 3, i (Jan.).
|
| |
15
|
GOBEL, G. H., A~D MARS~t, M. H. 1981. A dual processor VAX 11/780. Tech Rep. TR-EE 81-31, School of Electrical Engineering, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, Ind., Sept.
|
| |
16
|
HOLT, R. C. 1983. Current Euclid, the UNIX System, and Tunis. Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass.
|
| |
17
|
ISO 1981. ISO open systems interconnection--Basic reference model. ISO/TC 97/SC 16, 719 (Aug.).
|
| |
18
|
JOY, W. N. 1980. An introduction to the C shell. UNIX Programmer's Manual, 4.2 Berkeley Software Distribution, Virtual VAX-11 Version, vol. 2C, Computer Systems Research Group, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Aug.
|
| |
19
|
JOY, W. N. 1984. The UNiX system in the laboratory. UNIX/WORLD 1, 4, 34-38.
|
| |
20
|
JOY, W. N., COOPER, E., FABR~, R., LEFFLER, S., McKuslc~, M. K., ANO MOSnER, D. 1983. 4.2BSD System Manual, revised July, 1983. UNIX Programmer's Manual, 4.2 Berkeley Software Distribution, Virtual VAX-11 Version, vol. 2C, Computer Systems Research Group, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Aug. A terse but detailed summary of the facilities provided by 4.2BSD, illustrated mostly by the system calls involved.
|
| |
21
|
JUNG, R. S., 1985. Porting the AT&T demand paged UNIX implementation to microcomputers. In USENiX Association Conference Proceedings (Portland, Oreg., June 11-14). USENIX Assoc., El Cerrito, Calif., pp. 361-370.
|
| |
22
|
|
| |
23
|
|
| |
24
|
KORN, D. 1983. KSH--A shell programming language. In USENIX Association Conference Proceedings (Toronto, Ontario, June). USENIX Assoc., El Cerrito, Calif., pp. 191-202. The Korn shell, which is said to subsume the good points of both the Bourne shell and the C shell.
|
| |
25
|
|
| |
26
|
|
| |
27
|
LEFFLER, S. J., KARELS, M., AND McKuSlCK, M. K. 1984. Measuring and improving the performance of 4.2BSD. In USENIX Association Conference Proceedings (Salt Lake City, Utah, June 12-15). USENIX Assoc., El Cerrito, Calif., pp. 237-252.
|
| |
28
|
MCGILTON, H., AND MORGAN, R. 1983. Introducing the UNIX System. McGraw-Hill, New York.
|
| |
29
|
MCILROY, M.D., PI~SO~, E. N., AND TAGUE, B. A. 1978. Forward. Bell Syst. Tech. J. 57, 6, 1899- 1904.
|
| |
30
|
MCKUSICK, M. K. 1985. A Berkeley odyssey. The names and events shaping 10 years of Berkeley UNIX. UNIX Rev. 3, 1, 30.
|
 |
31
|
|
| |
32
|
MCKUSICK, M. K., KARELS, M., AND LEFrLER, S. 1985. Performance improvements amt functional enhancements in 4.3BSD. In USENIX Association Conference Proceedings (Portland, Oreg., June 11-14). USENIX Assoc., El Cerrito, Calif., pp. 519-531.
|
| |
33
|
MILLER, R. 1984. A demand paging virtual memory manager for System V. In USENIX Association Conference Proceedings (Salt Lake City, Utah, June 12-15). USENIX Assoc., E1 Cerrito, Calif., pp. 178-182.
|
| |
34
|
MIL-STD. (N.d.). Military Standards for DoD Internet Protocols. Naval Publications and Forms Center, Philadelphia, Pa. The ARPA Internet protocols are defined by the set of military standards IP (MIL-STD-1777), TCP (MIL-STD-1778), FTP (MIL-STD- 1780), SMTP (MIL-STD-1781), and TELNET (MIL-STD-1782). See ARPANET Working Group Requests for Comments. SRI International, Menlo Park, Calif.
|
| |
35
|
MOHR, A, 1985. The genesis story. Tales of how UNiX took shape as a product. UNIX Rev 3, 1,18.
|
| |
36
|
MORIN, R. 85. The future of the workstation. UNIX Rev. 3, 1, 52.
|
| |
37
|
|
| |
38
|
PADLIPSKY, M. A. 1983. A perspective on the ARPANET reference model. In Proceedings of INFOCOM 82 (Apr.). Also appears as Chapter 5 of Padlipsky, M. A. 1985. The Elements of Network Style. Englewood Cliffs, N. J., and in RCF (N.d.). ARPANET Working Group Requests for Comments, RFC871. SRI International, Menlo Park, Calif.
|
| |
39
|
|
| |
40
|
PEIRCE, N. 1985. Putting UNIX in perspective: An interview with Victor Vyssotsky. The manager of AT&T's Multics project remembers the way it was. UNIX Rev. 3, 1, 58.
|
| |
41
|
|
| |
42
|
PIKE, R., AND KERNI(~HAN, B. W. 1984. Program design in the UNIX environment. A T&T Bell Lab. Tech. J. 63, 8, 1595-1605.
|
 |
43
|
G. Popek , B. Walker , J. Chow , D. Edwards , C. Kline , G. Rudisin , G. Thiel, LOCUS a network transparent, high reliability distributed system, Proceedings of the eighth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles, p.169-177, December 14-16, 1981, Pacific Grove, California, United States
|
| |
44
|
RFCS (N.d.). ARPANET Working Group Requests for Comments. SRI International, Network Information Center, Menlo Park, Calif. This series of technical notes includes the specifications for the ARPA Internet protocols IP (RFC-791), ICMP (RFC-792), TCP (RFC-793), UDP (RFC-768), FTP (RFC-765), SMTP (RFC-821), and TEL- NET (RFC-854), plus related papers. All the protocols are indexed in Assigned Numbers (RFC- 943) and Official Protocols (RFC-944). See also Military Standards for DoD Internet Protocols. Naval Publ. Forms Ctr., Philadelphia, Pa.
|
| |
45
|
RITCHIE, D. M. 1978. A retrospective. Bell Syst. Tech. J. 57, 6, Pt. 2, 1947-1969.
|
| |
46
|
RITCHIE, D. M. 1979a. Protection of data file contents. United States Pat. no. 4,135,240, United States Patent Office, Washington, D.C., Jan. 16, 1979. Assignee: Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated, Murray Hill, N.J. Appl. No.: 377,591. Filed: Jul. 9, 1973.
|
| |
47
|
RITCHIE, D. M. 1979b. The UNIX I/O system. UNIX Programmer's Manual, 7th ed., vols. I and 2. Holt, New York.
|
| |
48
|
RITCHIE, D. M. 1984a. The evolution of the UNIX time-sharing system. A T& T Bell Lab. Tech. J. 63, 8, 1577-1593.
|
| |
49
|
RITCHIE, D. M. 1984b. Reflections on software research. Reflections on the environment that nurtured the development of UNIX. Ritchie's ACM Turing Award lecture. UNIX Rev. 3, 1, 28.
|
 |
50
|
|
| |
51
|
RITCHIE, D. M., JOHNSON, S. C. LESK, M. E., AND KERNIGHAN, B. W. 1978. The C programming language. Bell Syst. Tech. J. 57, 6, 1991-2019.
|
| |
52
|
ROSLER, L. 1984. The evolution of C-Past and future. A T& T Bell Lab. Tech. J. 63, 8, 1685-1699.
|
| |
53
|
STROUSTRUP, B. 1984. Data abstraction in C. AT&T Bell Lab. Tech. J. 63, 8, 1701-1732.
|
| |
54
|
|
| |
55
|
THOMPSON, K. 1978. UNIX implementation. Bell Syst. Tech. J. 57, 6, Pt, 2. 1931-1946.
|
| |
56
|
TICHY, W. F., AND RUAN, Z. 1984. Towards a distributed file system. In USENIX Association Conference Proceedings (Salt Lake City, Utah, June 12-15). USENIX Assoc., E1 Cerrito, Calif., pp. 87-97.
|
| |
57
|
TUTHILL. W. 1985a. The evolution of C: Heresy and prophecy. UNIX Res. 3, 1, 80.
|
| |
58
|
TUTHILL, W. 1985b. The shell game: A comparison of the C and Bourne shells. UNIX/WORLD 2, 2 (Mar.), 103.
|
| |
59
|
UPM2C 1983. UNIX Programmer's Manual, 4.2 Berkeley Software Distribution, Virtual VAX-11 Version, vol. 2C, Computer Systems Research Group, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, Calif. (Aug.).
|
| |
60
|
UPMV71983. UNIX Programmer's Manual, 7th ed., vols. i and 2. Holt, New York.
|
| |
61
|
USENIX 1983. USENIX Association Conference Proceedings (Toronto, Ontario, June). USENIX Assoc., E1 Cerrito, Calif.
|
| |
62
|
USENIX 1984. USENIX Association Conference Proceedings (Salt Lake City, Utah, June 12-15). USENIX Assoc., E1 Cerrito, Calif.
|
| |
63
|
USENIX 1985. USENIX Association Conference Proceedings. (Portland, Oreg., June 11-14). USENIX Assoc., El Cerrito, Calif.
|
| |
64
|
UNIEJEWSKI, J. 1985. UNIX System V and BSD4.2 Compatibility Study. Apollo Computer, Chelmsford, Mass.
|
| |
65
|
WALSH, D., LYON, R., AND SAGER, G. 1985. Overview of the Sun network file system. In USE- NIX Association Conference Proceedings (Dallas, Tex., Jan. 23-25). USENIX Assoc., E1 Cerrito, Calif., pp. 117-124.
|
| |
66
|
WEINBERGER, P. J. 1984. The Version 8 network file system, in USENIX Association Conference Proceedings (Salt Lake City, Utah, June 12-15). USENIX Assoc., E1 Cerrito, Calif., p.'86.
|
| |
67
|
WILSON, O. 1985. The business evolution of the UNIX system. The details of how AT&T organizational changes made UNIX commercially available. UNIX Rev. 3, 1, 46.
|
CITED BY 15
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Krzysztof Pawlikowski , Victor W. C. Yau , Don McNickle, Distributed stochastic discrete-event simulation in parallel time streams, Proceedings of the 26th conference on Winter simulation, p.723-730, December 11-14, 1994, Orlando, Florida, United States
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
REVIEW
"Linda M. McInnis : Reviewer"
The paper is an excellent overview of UNIX from a historical and modern
perspective. The paper describes the historical development of UNIX as an
operating system and shows why some features are being included in the
newest Berkeley release. The
more...
|