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ABSTRACT
Legless figures such as snakes and worms are modelled as mass-spring systems. Muscle contractions are simulated by animating the spring tensions. Directional friction due to the surface structure is included in the dynamic model and legless figure locomotion results. Various modes of locomotion are described.
REFERENCES
Note: OCR errors may be found in this Reference List extracted from the full text article. ACM has opted to expose the complete List rather than only correct and linked references.
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Coquillart, Sabine, "A Control-Point-Based Sweeping Technique", IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, November 1987 pp 36-45.
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Johnson, Lee W., R. Dean Riess, "Numerical Analysis", Addison-Welsey Publishing Company Inc. 1982. ISBN 0-201-10392- 3.
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Klauber, Lawrence M., "Rattlesnakes", University of California Press, 1982. ISBN 0-520-04039-2.
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Mehrtens, John M., "Living Snakes of the World", Sterling Publishing Co. Inc., New York. Blandford Press Dorset, England. 1987. ISBN 0-8069-6460-X.
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Miller, Gavin S. P., "Computer Display and Manufacture of 3-D Models", Ph.D. thesis, June 1987, Cambridge University Engineering Department, Cambridge, England.
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O'Neill, Eileen, personal communication Nov. 1987.
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Willhelms, Jane and Matthew Moore, "Dynamics for Everyone", Appendix 1, SIGGRAPH '87 Course 10, Computer Animation : 3-D Motion Specification and Control pp 145-146.
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CITED BY 35
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Paula Sweeney , Alan Norton , Robert Bacon , David Haumann , Greg Turk, Modelling physical objects for simulation, Proceedings of the 23rd conference on Winter simulation, p.1187-1193, December 08-11, 1991, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
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G. Székely , Ch. Brechbühler , J. Dual , R. Enzler , J. Hug , R. Hutter , N. Ironmonger , M. Kauer , V. Meier , P. Niederer , A. Rhomberg , P. Schmid , G. Schweitzer , M. Thaler , V. Vuskovic , G. Tröster , U. Haller , M. Bajka, Virtual Reality-Based Simulation of Endoscopic Surgery, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, v.9 n.3, p.310-333, June 2000
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INDEX TERMS
Primary Classification:
I.
Computing Methodologies
I.3
COMPUTER GRAPHICS
Additional Classification:
I.
Computing Methodologies
I.3
COMPUTER GRAPHICS
I.3.7
Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism
Subjects:
Animation;
Color, shading, shadowing, and texture
I.6
SIMULATION AND MODELING
J.
Computer Applications
J.3
LIFE AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
Subjects:
Biology and genetics
General Terms:
Design,
Performance,
Theory
Keywords:
animation,
deformation,
dynamics,
elasticity,
locomotion,
modeling,
rendering,
simulation,
texture
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