Swarm intelligence: power in numbers

ABSTRACT

Following a trail of insects as they work together to accomplish a task offers unique possibilities for problem solving.

REFERENCES

• 1: Anderson, C. and Bartholdi, J.J. Centralized versus decentralized control in manufacturing: Lessons from social insects. In Complexity and Complex Systems in Industry (I.P. McCarthy and T. Rakotobe-Joel, Eds.). University of Warwick, UK, 2000, 92--105.
• 2: Bauer, A., Bullnheimer, B., Hartl, R. F., and Strauss, C. An ant colony optimization approach for the single machine total tardiness problem. In Proceedings of the 1999 Congress on Evolutionary Computation (1999), 1445--1450.
• 3: Bland, J.A. Space planning by ant colony optimisation. International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology 12, 6 (June 1999), 320--328.
• 4: Eric Bonabeau , Marco Dorigo , Guy Theraulaz, Swarm intelligence: from natural to artificial systems, Oxford University Press, Inc., New York, NY, 1999
• 5: Bullnheimer, B., Hartl, R.F., and Strauss, C. An improved ant system algorithm for the vehicle routing problem. Annals of Operations Research: Nonlinear Economic Dynamics and Control (Dawid, Feichtinger, and Hartl, Eds.), 1999.
• 6: Costa, J.T. and Pierce, N.E. Social evolution in the Lepidoptera: Ecological context and communication in larval societies. In The Evolution of Social Behavior in Insects and Arachnids (Choe and Crespi, Eds.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1997, 407--442.
• 7: Marco Dorigo , Gianni Di Caro , Luca M. Gambardella, Ant algorithms for discrete optimization, Artificial Life, v.5 n.2, p.137-172, April 1999 [doi>10.1162/106454699568728]
• 8: Dorigo, M., Maniezzo, V., and Colorni, A. The ant system: Optimization by a colony of cooperating agents. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics-Part B, 26, 1 (Jan. 1996), 29--41.
• 9: Free, J.B. Pheromones of Social Bees. Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca, New York, 1987.
• 10: Gordon, D.M. Ants at Work: How an Insect Society is Organized. The Free Press, New York, 1999.
• 11: D. T. Pham , D. Karaboga, Intelligent Optimisation Techniques: Genetic Algorithms, Tabu Search, Simulated Annealing and Neural Networks, Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Secaucus, NJ, 1998
• 12: Song, Y.H., Chou, C.S.V., and Min, Y. Large-scale economic dispatch by artificial ant colony search algorithms. Electric Machines and Power Systems 27, 7 (July 1999), 679--690..

INDEX TERMS

Primary Classification:
  G. Mathematics of Computing
  G.2 DISCRETE MATHEMATICS
      G.2.1 Combinatorics

Additional Classification:
  G. Mathematics of Computing
  G.1 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS
      G.1.6 Optimization

  I. Computing Methodologies
  I.2 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
      I.2.8 Problem Solving, Control Methods, and Search

  J. Computer Applications
  J.3 LIFE AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
      Subjects: Biology and genetics

General Terms:
Algorithms, Design