Contradictions and critical issues during system evolution

ABSTRACT

In this paper the issue of system evolution is addressed. Activity Theory and the concept of exapansive cycles are reviewed as theories to explain systemic evolution. Contradictions often manifest themselves in deviating human behaviour or in modifications to external artefacts, i.e., they result in a form of systemic behaviour which has often been treated as undesirable. It is shown that contradictions within activity systems are both catalysts and opportunities for system change. In the context of safety-related systems this is put at the centre of investigation in the form of critical issues. An example from an industrial case study is reported, where this approach was applied, and where with this approach affective and communicational problems were identified.

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INDEX TERMS

Primary Classification:
  D. Software
  D.2 SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
      D.2.9 Management
          Subjects: Life cycle

Additional Classification:
  D. Software
  D.2 SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
      D.2.9 Management
          Subjects: Software process models (e.g., CMM, ISO, PSP)

General Terms:
Design, Management, Reliability

Keywords:
dependability, socio-technical systems, system evolution