Meshed atlases for real-time procedural solid texturing

ABSTRACT

We describe an implementation of procedural solid texturing that uses the texture atlas, a one-to-one mapping from an object's surface into its texture space. The method uses the graphics hardware to rasterize the solid texture coordinates as colors directly into the atlas. A texturing procedure is applied per-pixel to the texture map, replacing each solid texture coordinate with its corresponding procedural solid texture result. The procedural solid texture is then mapped back onto the object surface using standard texture mapping. The implementation renders procedural solid textures in real time, and the user can design them interactively.The quality of this technique depends greatly on the layout of the texture atlas. A broad survey of texture atlas schemes is used to develop a set of general purpose mesh atlases and tools for measuring their effectiveness at distributing as many available texture samples as evenly across the surface as possible. The main contribution of this paper is a new multiresolution texture atlas. It distributes all available texture samples in a nearly uniform distribution. This multiresolution texture atlas also supports MIP-mapped minification antialiasing and linear magnification filtering.

REFERENCES

• 1: Anthony A. Apodaca , Larry Gritz , Brian A. Barsky, Advanced RenderMan: Creating CGI for Motion Picture, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., San Francisco, CA, 1999
• 2: Battke, H., Stalling, D., and Hege., H.-C. 1996. Fast line integral convolution for arbitrary surfaces in 3d. Tech. Rep. SC-96-59, Konrad-Zuse-Zentrum für Informationstechnik Berlin (ZIB). (Dec.)
• 3: Chakib Bennis , Jean-Marc Vézien , Gérard Iglésias, Piecewise surface flattening for non-distorted texture mapping, Proceedings of the 18th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.237-246, July 1991
• 4: Brinsmead, D. 1993. Convert solid texture. Software component of Alias|Wavefront Power Animator 5.
• 5: P. Cignoni , C. Montani , R. Scopigno , C. Rocchini, A general method for preserving attribute values on simplified meshes, Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '98, p.59-66, October 18-23, 1998, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States
• 6: Jonathan Cohen , Marc Olano , Dinesh Manocha, Appearance-preserving simplification, Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.115-122, July 1998 [doi>10.1145/280814.280832]
• 7: David S. Ebert , F. Kenton Musgrave , Darwyn Peachey , Ken Perlin , Steven Worley, Texturing and modeling: a procedural approach, Academic Press Professional, Inc., San Diego, CA, 1994
• 8: C. M. Fiduccia , R. M. Mattheyses, A linear-time heuristic for improving network partitions, Proceedings of the 19th conference on Design automation, p.175-181, January 1982
• 9: James D. Foley , Andries van Dam , Steven K. Feiner , John F. Hughes, Computer graphics: principles and practice (2nd ed.), Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc., Boston, MA, 1990
• 10: Fournier, A. 1992. Normal distribution functions and multiple surfaces. In Proceedings of the Graphics Interface '92 Workshop on Local Illumination. Canadian Information Processing Society, 45--52.
• 11: Michael Garland , Andrew Willmott , Paul S. Heckbert, Hierarchical face clustering on polygonal surfaces, Proceedings of the 2001 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics, p.49-58, March 2001 [doi>10.1145/364338.364345]
• 12: Goehring, D. and Gerlitz, O. 1997. Advanced procedural texturing using MMX technology. Tech. rep., Intel MMX Technology Application Note. Oct.
• 13: Hanrahan, P. 1999. Procedural shading (keynote). Eurographics/SIGGRAPH Workshop on Graphics Hardware.
• 14: Pat Hanrahan , Paul Haeberli, Direct WYSIWYG painting and texturing on 3D shapes, Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.215-223, September 1990, Dallas, TX, USA
• 15: Pat Hanrahan , Jim Lawson, A language for shading and lighting calculations, Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.289-298, September 1990, Dallas, TX, USA
• 16: John C. Hart , Nate Carr , Masaki Kameya , Stephen A. Tibbitts , Terrance J. Coleman, Antialiased parameterized solid texturing simplified for consumer-level hardware implementation, Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS workshop on Graphics hardware, p.45-53, August 08-09, 1999, Los Angeles, California, United States [doi>10.1145/311534.311575]
• 17: Wolfgang Heidrich , Hans-Peter Seidel, Realistic, hardware-accelerated shading and lighting, Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.171-178, July 1999 [doi>10.1145/311535.311554]
• 18: Kameya, M. and Hart, J. 2000. Bresenham noise. In SIGGRAPH 2000 Conference Abstracts and Applications.
• 19: Zachi Karni , Craig Gotsman, Spectral compression of mesh geometry, Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.279-286, July 2000 [doi>10.1145/344779.344924]
• 20: Karypis, G. 1999. Multi-level algorithms for muli-constraint hypergraph partitioning. Tech. Rep. 99-034, University of Minnesota. Nov.
• 21: George Karypis , Vipin Kumar, Multilevel algorithms for multi-constraint graph partitioning, Proceedings of the 1998 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing (CDROM), p.1-13, November 07-13, 1998, San Jose, CA
• 22: George Karypis , Vipin Kumar, Multilevel k-way hypergraph partitioning, Proceedings of the 36th ACM/IEEE conference on Design automation, p.343-348, June 21-25, 1999, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States [doi>10.1145/309847.309954]
• 23: Anselmo Lastra , Steven Molnar , Marc Olano , Yulan Wang, Real-time programmable shading, Proceedings of the 1995 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics, p.59-ff., April 09-12, 1995, Monterey, California, United States [doi>10.1145/199404.199414]
• 24: Aaron W. F. Lee , Wim Sweldens , Peter Schröder , Lawrence Cowsar , David Dobkin, MAPS: multiresolution adaptive parameterization of surfaces, Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.95-104, July 1998 [doi>10.1145/280814.280828]
• 25: Bruno Lévy , Jean-Laurent Mallet, Non-distorted texture mapping for sheared triangulated meshes, Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.343-352, July 1998 [doi>10.1145/280814.280930]
• 26: Ma, S. D. and Lin, H. 1988. Optimal texture mapping. In Proceedings of Eurographics '88. North-Holland, 421--428.
• 27: Jérôme Maillot , Hussein Yahia , Anne Verroust, Interactive texture mapping, Proceedings of the 20th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.27-34, September 1993 [doi>10.1145/166117.166120]
• 28: Maruya, M. 1995. Generating a texture map from object-surface texture data. Comput. Graph. Forum 14, 3 (Aug.), 397--406.
• 29: Michael D. McCool , Wolfgang Heidrich, Texture shaders, Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS workshop on Graphics hardware, p.117-126, August 08-09, 1999, Los Angeles, California, United States [doi>10.1145/311534.311585]
• 30: Microsoft Corp. 2000. Direct3D 8.0 specification. http://www.msdn.microsoft.com/directx.
• 31: Victor J. Milenkovic, Rotational polygon overlap minimization and compaction, Computational Geometry: Theory and Applications, v.10 n.4, p.305-318, July 1, 1998 [doi>10.1016/S0925-7721(98)00012-1]
• 32: Steven Molnar , John Eyles , John Poulton, PixelFlow: high-speed rendering using image composition, Proceedings of the 19th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.231-240, July 1992
• 33: Munkres, J. R. 1975. Topology: a first course. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
• 34: Alan Norton , Alyn P. Rockwood , Philip T. Skolmoski, Clamping: A method of antialiasing textured surfaces by bandwidth limiting in object space, Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.1-8, July 26-30, 1982, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
• 35: NVidia Corp. 2000. Noise. Component of the NVEffectsBrowser.
• 36: Marc Olano , Anselmo Lastra, A shading language on graphics hardware: the pixelflow shading system, Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.159-168, July 1998 [doi>10.1145/280814.280857]
• 37: Darwyn R. Peachey, Solid texturing of complex surfaces, Proceedings of the 12th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.279-286, July 1985
• 38: Hans Køhling Pedersen, Decorating implicit surfaces, Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.291-300, September 1995 [doi>10.1145/218380.218458]
• 39: Hans Køhling Pedersen, A framework for interactive texturing on curved surfaces, Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.295-302, August 1996 [doi>10.1145/237170.237268]
• 40: Mark S. Peercy , Marc Olano , John Airey , P. Jeffrey Ungar, Interactive multi-pass programmable shading, Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.425-432, July 2000 [doi>10.1145/344779.344976]
• 41: Ken Perlin, An image synthesizer, Proceedings of the 12th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.287-296, July 1985
• 42: K. Perlin , E. M. Hoffert, Hypertexture, Proceedings of the 16th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.253-262, July 1989
• 43: Pixar Corp. 1999. Future requirements for graphics hardware. Memo.
• 44: Michael Potmesil , Eric M. Hoffert, The pixel machine: a parallel image computer, Proceedings of the 16th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.69-78, July 1989
• 45: Emil Praun , Adam Finkelstein , Hugues Hoppe, Lapped textures, Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.465-470, July 2000 [doi>10.1145/344779.344987]
• 46: Kekoa Proudfoot , William R. Mark , Svetoslav Tzvetkov , Pat Hanrahan, A real-time procedural shading system for programmable graphics hardware, Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.159-170, August 2001 [doi>10.1145/383259.383275]
• 47: John Rhoades , Greg Turk , Andrew Bell , Andrei State , Ulrich Neumann , Amitabh Varshney, Real-time procedural textures, Proceedings of the 1992 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics, p.95-100, June 1992, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States [doi>10.1145/147156.147171]
• 48: Rioux, M., Soucy, M., and Godin, G. 1996. A texture-mapping approach for the compression of colored 3D triangulations. The Visual Computer 12, 10, 503--514.
• 49: Samek, M. 1986. Texture mapping and distortion in digital graphics. The Visual Computer 2, 5, 313--320.
• 50: Pedro V. Sander , John Snyder , Steven J. Gortler , Hugues Hoppe, Texture mapping progressive meshes, Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.409-416, August 2001 [doi>10.1145/383259.383307]
• 51: Segal, M. and Akeley, K. 1999. The OpenGL graphics system: A specification, version 1.2.1. http://www.opengl.org/.
• 52: Thorne, C. 1997. Convert solid texture. Software component of Alias|Wavefront Maya 1.
• 53: Lance Williams, Pyramidal parametrics, Proceedings of the 10th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.1-11, July 25-29, 1983, Detroit, Michigan, United States

INDEX TERMS

Primary Classification:
  I. Computing Methodologies
  I.3 COMPUTER GRAPHICS
      I.3.7 Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism
          Subjects: Color, shading, shadowing, and texture

General Terms:
Algorithms

Keywords:
MIP-map, Mesh partitioning, procedural texturing, solid texturing, texture atlas, texture mapping