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Learning by doing with simulated intelligent help
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Communications of the ACM archive
Volume 31 ,  Issue 9  (September 1988) table of contents
Pages: 1064 - 1079  
Year of Publication: 1988
ISSN:0001-0782
Authors
John Carroll  IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY
Amy Aaronson  IBM US Marketing and Services Group, Franklin Lakes, NJ
Publisher
ACM  New York, NY, USA
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Downloads (6 Weeks): 8,   Downloads (12 Months): 39,   Citation Count: 8
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ABSTRACT

Intelligent advisory interfaces will afford new approaches to help and training problems, however little is known about the usability of such facilities. This recent study indicates that although intelligent help can support users, there are also specific potential problems.


REFERENCES

Note: OCR errors may be found in this Reference List extracted from the full text article. ACM has opted to expose the complete List rather than only correct and linked references.

 
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Aaronson, A.P. and Carroll, J.M. The answer is in the question: A protocol study of intelligent help. Behav. Inf. Tech. 6 (1987), 393-402.
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Aaronson, A.P. and Carroll, J.M. Understanding intelligent help: A protocol analysis of advisory interactions. IBM Res. Rep. RC 13059, 1987, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598.
 
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Alty, J.L. and Coombs, M.J. University computing advisory services: The study of the man-computer interface. Softw.--PrlEct. Exp. 10 (1980), 919-934.
 
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Brown, J.S., Burton, R.R. and deKleer, J. Pedagogical, natural language and knowledge engineering techniques in SOPHIE I, II, and III. In Intelligent Tutoring Systems, D. Sleeman and J.S. Brown Eds. Academic Press, New York, 1982.
 
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Burton, R.R. Diagnosing bugs in a simple procedural skill. In Intelligent Tutoring Systems, D. Sleeman and J.S. Brown, Eds. Academic Press, New York, 1982.
 
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Campbell, R.L. Evaluating online assistance empirically. IBM Res. Rep. RC 13410, 1988, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598.
 
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CarroI1, J.M. Minimalist training. Datamation 30, 18 (Nov. 1, 1984), 125-136.
 
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Carroll, J.M., Smith-Kerker, P.A., Ford, J.R., Mazur, S.A. The minimal manual. IBM Res. Rep. 11637, 1986, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598.
 
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Checco, J.C. and Carroll, J.M. SmartHelp. IBM Res. Rep., RC 12371, 1986, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598.
 
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Clark, I.A. Software simulation as a tool for usable prcduct design. IBM Syst. J. 20, 3 (1981), 272-293.
 
17
Coombs, M.J. and Alty, J.L. Face-to-face guidance of university computer users--II: Characterizing advisory interactions. Int. J. Man- Mach. Studies 12 (1980), 407-429.
 
18
Coombs, M.J. and Alty, J.L. Expert systems: An alternate paradigm. Int. J. Man-Mach. Studies 20 (1984), 21-43.
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Halasz, F.G. Mental models and problem solving in using a calculator. Ph.D. Dissertation, Stanford University, 1984.
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Kidd, A. The consultative role of an expert system. In Proceedings of Conference on HCI (Norwich, United Kingdom, 1985).
 
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Kirson, D.A., Carroll, J.M., Eckhoff, R., Kelley, J.F., and Canetti, S. Specialist help using multiple media. Videotape demonstration, CHI'88 Human Factors in Computer Systems (Washington, D.C., May 15-17), 1988.
 
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Krauss, R.M., Garlock, C.M., Bricker, P.D., and McMahon, L.E. The role of audible and visible back-channel responses in interpersonal communication. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 7 (1977), 523-529.
 
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Lewis, C.H. Understanding what's happening in system interactions. In User-Centered System Design: New Perspectives on Human Computer Interaction, D.A. Norman and S.W. Draper, Eds. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, N.J., pp. 171-185.
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Mathotra, A. and Sheridan, P.S. Experimental determination of design requirements for a program explanation system. IBM Res. Rep. RC 5831, 1976.
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McKendree, J. and Carroll, J.M. Impact of feedback content on initial learning of an office system. In Proceedings of Interact'87 (Stuttgart, Sept. 1-4). H. Bullinger and B. Shackel, Eds. North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1987, pp. 855-859.
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Reiser, B.J., Anderson, J.R., and Farrell, R.G. Dynamic student modelling in an intelligent tutor for Lisp programming. IJCAI Proceedings (Los Angeles, Calif., Aug. 18-23). Morgan Kaufman, Los Altos, CA, (1985), pp. 8-14.
 
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Rissland, E.L., Valcarce, E. and Ashley, K. Explaining and arguing with examples. In Proceedings of the 3rd National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (Aug. 6-10). Morgan Kaufrnan, Los Altos, Calif. AAAI, Austin, TX, 1984, pp. 288-294.
 
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Sleeman, D. and Brown, J.S. Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Academic Press, New York, 1982.
 
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Spohrer, J.C., Soloway, E., and Pope, E. A goal/plan analysis of buggy Pascal programs. Hum. Comp. Interaction 1, (1985}, 163-207.
 
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CITED BY  8


REVIEW

"Michael P. Tarka : Reviewer"

This paper reports the results of a study on the usability of an on-line intelligent help facility. This facility was simulated in an environment in which users learned to use an interactive application by performing tasks with it. The authors s  more...

Collaborative Colleagues:
John Carroll: colleagues
Amy Aaronson: colleagues