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 REFERENCES
Note: OCR errors may be found in this Reference List extracted from the full text article. ACM has opted to expose the complete List rather than only correct and linked references.
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1
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Faculty of Law, University of New South Wales.
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Faculty of Law, New South Wales institute of Technology.
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Faculty of Law, University of Sydney.
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See, for example, Hayes-Roth, F, Waterman, D A and Lenat D B (eds) Building Expert Systems, Addison- Wesley, 1983.
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5
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Michie and Johnston, The Creative Computer, Pelican, 1984
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6
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M. J. Sergot , F. Sadri , R. A. Kowalski , F. Kriwaczek , P. Hammond , H. T. Cory, The British Nationality Act as a logic program, Communications of the ACM, v.29 n.5, p.370-386, May 1986
[doi> 10.1145/5689.5920]
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7
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Commissio,ler of Inland Revenue v West-Walker {1954} NZLR 191. The statute is section 163 of the Lnad and Income Tax Act 1923 as re-enacted by s. 12, Finance Act (No 2) 1948.
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8
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9
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10
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Indeed, the standard rules are entirely contradictory, a fact which is acknowledged in the aphorism that rules of statutory interpretation "hunt in pairs".
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11
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Pearce, DC Statutory Interpretation in Australia (2nd Ed, Butterworths.
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12
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Stone, J Precedent and Law, 1985, Butterworths, Sydney.
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13
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Of course, the idea of intelligent pre-processors is not new. See Bin8 J Ha,dbook o/Legal ht/ormation Retrieval, 1984, Elsevier, Amsterdam. And some of the most important expert systems work has been directed toward "intelligent" information retrieval; see Hafner, C Art ht/ormatiott Retrieval System Based o, a Computer Model o/Legal Kttowledge, UM! Research Press.
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(1929) 34 Corn Cas 263.
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15
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at p273.
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"...the best drafted Act of Parliament ever passed", BatTk Polski v K J Mulder & Co {1942} I KB 497, 500, per MacKinnon LJ.
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McCarty, T "Intelligent Legal Information Systems:' Problems and Prospects" in Campbell, C (ed) Data Processing and the Law, Sweet and Maxwell, 1984, London,
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18
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Susskind, R E "Expert Systems in Lawi a jurisprudential approach to artificial intelligence and legal reasoning" {1986} Mod L Rev 168, 185-6.
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20
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This finding is, of course, not inconsistent with the experiences in other fields. It is the essential reason for the existence of the knowledge engineer.
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LONGARM, a system which advises on the availability of service of originating process outside the jurisdiction of New South Wales. The system was built by students at the University of Sydney.
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Susskind, R E "Expert Systems in Law: a jurisprudential approach to artificial intelligence and legal reasoning" {1986} Mod L Rev 168, 185.
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The system determines if the client actually has a problem which falls within the jurisdiction of a part of the Trade Practices Act 1974. It was built by Sydney solicitor Philip Argy who is the expert whose time was previously being used.
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Susskind, R E "Expert Systems in Law: a jurisprudential approach to artificial intelligence and legal reasoning" {1986} Mod L Rev 168, 190.
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Of course, it is possible to provide that control with a production rule model, but the methods are not easy or natural. Nor, it might be said, are they in conformity with the spirit of the production rule model.
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See Cover, T M and Hart, P E "Nearest Neighbour Pattern Classification" iEEE Trans Inform Theory Vol IT-13, p21.
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Tyree, "The Geometry of Case Law" (1977) 8 VUW L Rev 403; "Finders Keepers: a quantitative analysis of 'finders' cases" in Brook, et al (eds) The Fascination of Statistics, 1986, Marcel Dekker, New York, pp73- 88; "Will Justice Fall to Bits? Expert Systems in Law", (1986) 62. Current Affairs Bulletin 13-18
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The primary classification technique is the nearest neighbour algorithm. The subsidiary methods concern classification aceordlng to nearest centroids of the sets of cases in the data base and a final check that the selected cases are not too near the boundaries.
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Written by Andrew Mowbray. The information here is from Mowbray, "A AiRS Free Text Retrieval System (Pre-release information)" DATALEX Project, New South Wales Institute of Technology, Faculty of Law. See also Greenleaf, Mowbray and Tyree "Legal Expert Systems: Words, Words, Words...?", paper presented at the 1st Australian Artificial Intelligence Congress, Melbourne, 18-21 November 1986.
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iNTEST was written by Andrew Mowbray and Rosalind Atherton of the Faculty of Law, University of New South Wales.
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COPYRITA is being developed by Graham Greenleaf and Philtip Griffith, Senior Lecturer in Law, New South Wales Institute of Technology with research assistance from Karen Lever B Juris, LL B (WA).
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per Lord Goddard, Hibbert v McKierna, {1948} 2 KB 142,149
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