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Music and computer composition
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Communications of the ACM archive
Volume 15 ,  Issue 2  (February 1972) table of contents
Pages: 104 - 113  
Year of Publication: 1972
ISSN:0001-0782
Author
James Anderson Moorer  Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA
Publisher
ACM  New York, NY, USA
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ABSTRACT

The problem discussed is that of simulating human composition of Western popular music by computer and some relevant theories of music and harmony are given. Problems with this kind of program and several schemes that are known not to work are discussed. Several previous computer compositions are discussed, including the ILLIAC Suite. A program to generate short melody fragments was written to simulate some of the aspects of human composition. Five samples of its output are presented and discussed. It was discovered that although the fragments show many of the characteristics of popular melodies, they have a strangely alien sound. It is theorized that this is because the relevant probabilities which would discriminate against unfamiliar sequences were not used.


REFERENCES

Note: OCR errors may be found in this Reference List extracted from the full text article. ACM has opted to expose the complete List rather than only correct and linked references.

 
1
Brooks, F.P., Hopkins, A.L., Newmann. P.G., and Wright, W.V. An experiment in musical composition. IRE on Trans. Electronic Computers EC-6:1 (Sept. 1957), 175-182.
 
2
Feldman, Jerome. First thoughts on grammatical inference. Stanford Artificial Intelligence Memo No. 55. Stanford, Calif., 1967.
 
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4
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5
Fux, Johann Joseph. Gratis AdParnassus. W.W. Norton, New York, 1943.
 
6
Hiller, LeJaren A. Computer music. Scientific American 201, 6 (Dec. 1959), 109-120.
 
7
Hiller, LeJaren A. Electronic music at the University of Illinois. J. Music Theory 7 (1963), 99-126.
 
8
Hiller, LeJaren A., Isaacson, L. M. Experimental Music. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1959.
 
9
Hiller, LeJaren A. Musical composition with a high-speed digital computer. J. Audio Enghwering Soc. 6 (1958), 154-160.
 
10
Hiller, LeJaren A. Revised MUSICOMP manual. U. of Illinois Experimental Music Studio Tech. Rep. No. 13, U. of Illinois, Urbana, I11., 1966.
 
11
Hiller, Ledaren A. Some structural principles of computer music. J. Amer. Musicological Soc. 9 (1956), 247-248.
 
12
Jeppesen, Knud. Modal Counterpohtt. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1939.
 
13
Lundin, Robert. An Objective Psychology o f Music. Ronald Press, New York, 1953.
 
14
Luria, A.R. The functional organization of the brain. Scientific American (Mar. 1970), 66-79.
 
15
Meyer, Leonard B. Emotion and Meanbtg in Music. U. of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1956.
 
16
Meyer, Leonard B. Meaning in music & information theory. J. Aesthetics and Art Criticism 15 (1957), 412.
 
17
Mitchell, William J. Elementary Harmony. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1948.
 
18
Nettl, Bruno. Theory and Method bt Ethnomusicology. Free Press of Glencoe, New York, 1964.
 
19
Pinkerton, R.C. Information theory and melody. Scientific American 194, 2 (Feb. 1956), 77.
 
20
Piston. Waiter. Counterpohzt. Norton and Company, New York, 1947.
 
21
Piston, Walter. Prhtciples o f Harmonic Analysis. E,C. Schirmer Music Co.. Boston. 1933.
 
22
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23
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24
Zwicky. A.M., Friedman. Joyce, Hall. B.C.. and Walker. D.E. The MITRE syntactic anabsis procedure for transformational grammars. Proc. AFIPS 1965 FJCC Vol. 27, Pt. 1, Spartan Books, New York, pp. 317-326.


Collaborative Colleagues:
James Anderson Moorer: colleagues