Interactive skeleton techniques for enhancing motion dynamics in key frame animation

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Interactive skeleton techniques for enhancing motion dynamics in key frame animation

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Communications of the ACM archive
Volume 19 , Issue 10 (October 1976) table of contents

Pages: 564 - 569

Year of Publication: 1976

ISSN:0001-0782

Authors

N. Burtnyk	National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
M. Wein	National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada

Publisher

ACM New York, NY, USA

Bibliometrics

Downloads (6 Weeks): 15, Downloads (12 Months): 103, Citation Count: 33

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abstract references cited by index terms collaborative colleagues

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ABSTRACT

A significant increase in the capability for controlling motion dynamics in key frame animation is achieved through skeleton control. This technique allows an animator to develop a complex motion sequence by animating a stick figure representation of an image. This control sequence is then used to drive an image sequence through the same movement. The simplicity of the stick figure image encourages a high level of interaction during the design stage. Its compatibility with the basic key frame animation technique permits skeleton control to be applied selectively to only those components of a composite image sequence that require enhancement.

REFERENCES

Note: OCR errors may be found in this Reference List extracted from the full text article. ACM has opted to expose the complete List rather than only correct and linked references.

	1	Burtnyk, N., and Wein, M. Computer generated key frame animation. J. Soc. Motion Picture and Television Engineers 80, 3 (1971), 149-153.
	2	Burtnyk, N., and Wein, M. Towards a computer animating production tool. Proc. Eurocomp Conf., Brunel U., 1974, Online Pub. Co., 172-185.
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	4	Baecker, R.M. Picture-driven animation. Proc. AFIPS 1969 SJCC, Vol. 34, AFIPS Press, Montvale, N.J., pp. 273-288.
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	7	Burtnyk, N., and Wein, M. A computer animation system for the animator. Proc. Tenth Ann. Meeting UAIDE (Users of Automatic Inform. Display Equipment), Los Angeles, 1971, pp. 3.5- 3.24.
	8	Blum, H. A transformation for extracting new descriptors of shape. In Models of Speech and Visual Form, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1967, pp. 362-380.
	9	Honey, F.J. Computer animated episodes by single axis rotations-CAESAR. Proc. Tenth Ann. Meeting UAIDE (Users of Automatic Inform. Display Equipment), Los Angeles, 1971, pp. 3-210 to 3-226.
	10	Catmull, E. Computer display of curved surfaces. Proc. Conf. Computer Graphics, Pattern Recognition and Data Structure, May 1975, pp. 11-17 (IEEE Cat. No. 75CH0981-IC).
	11	Hiroshi Akima, A New Method of Interpolation and Smooth Curve Fitting Based on Local Procedures, Journal of the ACM (JACM), v.17 n.4, p.589-602, Oct. 1970 [doi>10.1145/321607.321609]

CITED BY 33

	William T. Reeves, Inbetweening for computer animation utilizing moving point constraints, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.15 n.3, p.263-269, August 1981
	John Lasseter, Principles of traditional animation applied to 3D computer animation, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.21 n.4, p.35-44, July 1987
	Edwin Catmull, The problems of computer-assisted animation, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.12 n.3, p.348-353, August 1978
	Norman I. Badler , Stephen W. Smoliar, Digital Representations of Human Movement, ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), v.11 n.1, p.19-38, March 1979
	Doris H. U. Kochanek , Richard H. Bartels, Interpolating splines with local tension, continuity, and bias control, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.18 n.3, p.33-41, July 1984
	Siu Chi Hsu , Irene H. H. Lee, Drawing and animation using skeletal strokes, Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.109-118, July 1994
	T. J. O'Donnell , Arthur J. Olson, GRAMPS - A graphics language interpreter for real-time, interactive, three-dimensional picture editing and animation, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.15 n.3, p.133-142, August 1981
	Scott N. Steketee , Norman I. Badler, Parametric keyframe interpolation incorporating kinetic adjustment and phrasing control, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.19 n.3, p.255-262, Jul. 1985
	S. C. Hsu , I. H. H. Lee , N. E. Wiseman, Skeletal strokes, Proceedings of the 6th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology, p.197-206, December 1993, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
	J. E. Chadwick , D. R. Haumann , R. E. Parent, Layered construction for deformable animated characters, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.23 n.3, p.243-252, July 1989
	Nikhil Gagvani , Deborah Silver, Shape-based volumetric collision detection, Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE symposium on Volume visualization, p.57-61, October 09-10, 2000, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
	Peter C. Litwinowicz, Inkwell: A 2-D animation system, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.25 n.4, p.113-122, July 1991
	Marc Levoy, A color animation system: based on the multiplane technique, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.11 n.2, p.65-71, Summer 1977
	Jean-Daniel Fekete , Érick Bizouarn , Éric Cournarie , Thierry Galas , Frédéric Taillefer, TicTacToon: a paperless system for professional 2D animation, Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.79-90, September 1995
	Peter Litwinowicz , Lance Williams, Animating images with drawings, Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.409-412, July 1994
	Richard E. Parent, A system for sculpting 3-D data, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.11 n.2, p.138-147, Summer 1977
	J. P. Lewis , Matt Cordner , Nickson Fong, Pose space deformation: a unified approach to shape interpolation and skeleton-driven deformation, Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.165-172, July 2000
	Alex Mohr , Michael Gleicher, Building efficient, accurate character skins from examples, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.22 n.3, July 2003
	Alex Mohr , Luke Tokheim , Michael Gleicher, Direct manipulation of interactive character skins, Proceedings of the 2003 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics, April 27-30, 2003, Monterey, California
	Shenchang Eric Chen , Richard E. Parent, Shape Averaging and it's Applications to Industrial Design, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, v.9 n.1, p.47-54, January 1989
	Axel Friedrich , Konrad Polthier , Markus Schmies, Interpolation of triangle hierarchies, Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '98, p.391-396, October 18-23, 1998, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States
	Michal Shapira , Ari Rappoport, Shape Blending Using the Star-Skeleton Representation, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, v.15 n.2, p.44-50, March 1995
	Nikhil Gagvani , Deborah Silver, Animating volumetric models, Graphical Models, v.63 n.6, p.443-458, November 2001
	Alexander Kort, Computer aided inbetweening, Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering, June 03-05, 2002, Annecy, France
	Aseem Agarwala , Aaron Hertzmann , David H. Salesin , Steven M. Seitz, Keyframe-based tracking for rotoscoping and animation, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.23 n.3, August 2004
	William Van Haevre , Fabian Di Fiore , Frank Van Reeth, Uniting cartoon textures with computer assisted animation, Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australasia and South East Asia, November 29-December 02, 2005, Dunedin, New Zealand
	Marie-Paule Cani-Gascuel , Mathieu Desbrun, Animation of Deformable Models Using Implicit Surfaces, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, v.3 n.1, p.39-50, January 1997
	D. Martín , S. García , J. C. Torres, Observer dependent deformations in illustration, Proceedings of the 1st international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering, p.75-82, June 05-07, 2000, Annecy, France
	Christina N. de Juan , Bobby Bodenheimer, Re-using traditional animation: methods for semi-automatic segmentation and inbetweening, Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation, September 02-04, 2006, Vienna, Austria
	Michael Century, Exact imagination and distributed creativity: a lesson from the history of animation, Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGCHI conference on Creativity & cognition, June 13-15, 2007, Washington, DC, USA
	Rosalee Wolfe, “Seminole” graphics, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.32 n.3, p.46-47, Aug. 1998
	Jules Bloomenthal , Brian Wyvill, Interactive techniques for implicit modeling, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.24 n.2, p.109-116, Mar. 1990
	Tao Ju , Qian-Yi Zhou , Michiel van de Panne , Daniel Cohen-Or , Ulrich Neumann, Reusable skinning templates using cage-based deformations, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.27 n.5, December 2008

INDEX TERMS

Keywords:
computer generated animation, interactive graphics, interactive skeleton, key frame animation, skeleton control, stick figure animation

Collaborative Colleagues:

N. Burtnyk: colleagues

M. Wein: colleagues

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