The aliasing problem in computer-generated shaded images

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The aliasing problem in computer-generated shaded images

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Communications of the ACM archive
Volume 20 , Issue 11 (November 1977) table of contents

Pages: 799 - 805

Year of Publication: 1977

ISSN:0001-0782

Author

Franklin C. Crow

Univ. of Texas, Austin

Publisher

ACM New York, NY, USA

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Downloads (6 Weeks): 18, Downloads (12 Months): 160, Citation Count: 42

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abstract references cited by index terms collaborative colleagues

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ABSTRACT

Certain defects, such as jagged edges and disappearing detail, have long been an annoyance in digitally generated shaded images. Although increasing the resolution or defocusing the display can attenuate them, an understanding of these defects leads to more effective methods. This paper explains the observed defects in terms of the aliasing phenomenon inherent in sampled signals and discusses prefiltering as a recognized cure. A method for evaluating filters is presented, the application of prefiltering to hidden-surface algorithms is discussed, and an implementation of a filtering tiler is shown accompanied by examples of its effectiveness.

REFERENCES

Note: OCR errors may be found in this Reference List extracted from the full text article. ACM has opted to expose the complete List rather than only correct and linked references.

	1	Bui Tuong Phong, Illumination for computer generated pictures, Communications of the ACM, v.18 n.6, p.311-317, June 1975 [doi>10.1145/360825.360839]
	2	Crow, F.C. The aliasing problem in computer-synthesized shaded images. UTEC-CSc-76-015, Dept. Comptr. Sci., U. of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, March 1976.
	3	Herbert Freeman, Computer Processing of Line-Drawing Images, ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), v.6 n.1, p.57-97, March 1974 [doi>10.1145/356625.356627]
	4	Gouraud, H. Computer display of curved surfaces. UTEC-CSc- 71-113, Comptr. Sci., U. of Utah, June 1971. Abridged in IEEE Trans. Comptrs. C-20 (June 1971).
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	9	Ivan E. Sutherland , Robert F. Sproull , Robert A. Schumacker, A Characterization of Ten Hidden-Surface Algorithms, ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), v.6 n.1, p.1-55, March 1974 [doi>10.1145/356625.356626]
	10	Zworykin, V.K., and Morton, G.A. Television. Wiley, New York, 2nd Ed., 1954.

CITED BY 43

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	Jose Barros , Henry Fuchs, Generating smooth 2-D monocolor line drawings on video displays, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.13 n.2, p.260-269, August 1979
	Turner Whitted, An improved illumination model for shaded display, Communications of the ACM, v.23 n.6, p.343-349, June 1980
	Timothy Zimmerlin , John Stanley , Warren Stone, A sensor simulation and animation system, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.12 n.3, p.105-110, August 1978
	William J Leler, Human vision, anti-aliasing, and the cheap 4000 line display, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.14 n.3, p.308-313, July 1980
	Ning Liu , Houzhi Jin , Alyn P. Rockwood, Antialiasing by Gaussian Integration, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, v.16 n.3, p.58-63, May 1996
	Norman P. Jouppi , Chun-Fa Chang, Z3: an economical hardware technique for high-quality antialiasing and transparency, Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS workshop on Graphics hardware, p.85-93, August 08-09, 1999, Los Angeles, California, United States
	Kenneth Turkowski, Anti-aliasing in topological color spaces, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.20 n.4, p.307-314, Aug. 1986
	Fanya S. Montalvo, Human vision and computer graphics, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.13 n.2, p.121-125, August 1979
	Ned Greene , Michael Kass, Error-bounded antialiased rendering of complex environments, Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.59-66, July 1994
	Franklin C. Crow, The use of grayscale for improved raster display of vectors and characters, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.12 n.3, p.1-5, August 1978
	John E. Warnock, The display of characters using gray level sample arrays, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.14 n.3, p.302-307, July 1980
	Don P. Mitchell , Arun N. Netravali, Reconstruction filters in computer-graphics, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.22 n.4, p.221-228, Aug. 1988
	Nelson L. Max, Antialiasing Scan-Line Data, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, v.10 n.1, p.18-30, January 1990
	Don P. Mitchell, Generating antialiased images at low sampling densities, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.21 n.4, p.65-72, July 1987
	Zheng Qin , Michael D. McCool , Craig S. Kaplan, Real-time texture-mapped vector glyphs, Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games, March 14-17, 2006, Redwood City, California
	D. R. Baum , H. E. Rushmeire , J. M. Winget, Improving radiosity solutions through the use of analytically determined form-factors, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.23 n.3, p.325-334, July 1989
	Xiaolin Wu, An efficient antialiasing technique, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.25 n.4, p.143-152, July 1991
	Mark E. Lee , Richard A. Redner , Samuel P. Uselton, Statistically optimized sampling for distributed ray tracing, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.19 n.3, p.61-68, Jul. 1985
	Anthony C. Barkans, High speed high quality antialiased vector generation, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.24 n.4, p.319-326, Aug. 1990
	Edwin Catmull, A hidden-surface algorithm with anti-aliasing, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.12 n.3, p.6-11, August 1978
	Richard Weinberg, Parallel processing image synthesis and anti-aliasing, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.15 n.3, p.55-62, August 1981
	Eugene Fiume , Alain Fournier , Larry Rudolph, A parallel scan conversion algorithm with anti-aliasing for a general-purpose ultracomputer, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.17 n.3, p.141-150, July 1983
	Jules Bloomenthal, Edge Inference with Applications to Antialiasing, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.17 n.3, p.157-162, July 1983
	K. Turkowski, Anti-Aliasing through the Use of Coordinate Transformations, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.1 n.3, p.215-234, July 1982
	M. R. Stytz , G. Frieder , O. Frieder, Three-dimensional medical imaging: algorithms and computer systems, ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), v.23 n.4, p.421-499, Dec. 1991
	Satish Gupta , Robert F. Sproull, Filtering edges for gray-scale displays, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.15 n.3, p.1-5, August 1981
	Frederic I. Parke, Simulation and expected performance analysis of multiple processor Z-buffer systems, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.14 n.3, p.48-56, July 1980
	Andrew S. Glassner, How to Derive a Spectrum from an RGB Triplet, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, v.9 n.4, p.95-99, July 1989
	Greg Abram , Lee Westover, Efficient alias-free rendering using bit-masks and look-up tables, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.19 n.3, p.53-59, Jul. 1985
	Timo Aila , Ville Miettinen , Petri Nordlund, Delay streams for graphics hardware, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.22 n.3, July 2003
	M. L. V. Pitteway , D. J. Watkinson, Bresenham's algorithm with Grey scale, Communications of the ACM, v.23 n.11, p.625-626, Nov. 1980
	Anthony C. Barkans, Hardware-Assisted Polygon Antialiasing, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, v.11 n.1, p.80-88, January 1991
	Wai-Sum Lin , Rynson W. H. Lau , Kai Hwang , Xiaola Lin , Paul Y. S. Cheung, Adaptive Parallel Rendering on Multiprocessors and Workstation Clusters, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, v.12 n.3, p.241-258, March 2001
	Abraham Mammen, Transparency and Antialiasing Algorithms Implemented with the Virtual Pixel Maps Technique, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, v.9 n.4, p.43-55, July 1989
	Mark E. Lee , Richard A. Redner, Filtering: A note on the Use of Nonlinear Filtering in Computer Graphics, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, v.10 n.3, p.23-29, May 1990
	Kurt Akeley , Tom Jermoluk, High-performance polygon rendering, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.22 n.4, p.239-246, Aug. 1988
	Turner Whitted, An improved illumination model for shaded display, ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Courses, July 31-August 04, 2005, Los Angeles, California
	Rosalee Wolfe, “Seminole” graphics, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.32 n.3, p.46-47, Aug. 1998
	Thomas K. Porter, Spherical shading, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.12 n.3, p.282-285, August 1978
	Ares Lagae , Craig S. Kaplan , Chi-Wing Fu , Victor Ostromoukhov , Oliver Deussen, Tile-based methods for interactive applications, ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 classes, August 11-15, 2008, Los Angeles, California
	Bongjun Jin , Insung Ihm , Byungjoon Chang , Chanmin Park , Wonjong Lee , Seokyoon Jung, Selective and adaptive supersampling for real-time ray tracing, Proceedings of the Conference on High Performance Graphics 2009, August 01-03, 2009, New Orleans, Louisiana

INDEX TERMS

Keywords:
aliasing, computer graphics, convolutional filtering, hidden-surface removal, sampling

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