Toward a discipline of real-time programming

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Toward a discipline of real-time programming

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Communications of the ACM archive
Volume 20 , Issue 8 (August 1977) table of contents

Pages: 577 - 583

Year of Publication: 1977

ISSN:0001-0782

Author

Niklaus Wirth

ETH, Zürich, Switzerland and Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CA

Publisher

ACM New York, NY, USA

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Downloads (6 Weeks): 14, Downloads (12 Months): 74, Citation Count: 36

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abstract references cited by index terms collaborative colleagues

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ABSTRACT

Programming is divided into three major categories with increasing complexity of reasoning in program validation: sequential programming, multiprogramming, and real-time programming. By adhering to a strict programming discipline and by using a suitable high-level language molded after this discipline, the complexity of reasoning about concurrency and execution time constraints may be drastically reduced. This may be the only practical way to make real-time systems analytically verifiable and ultimately reliable. A possible discipline is outlined and expressed in terms of the language Modula.

REFERENCES

Note: OCR errors may be found in this Reference List extracted from the full text article. ACM has opted to expose the complete List rather than only correct and linked references.

	1	Per Brinch Hansen, Operating System Principles, Prentice Hall PTR, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1973
	2	Dijkstra, E.W. Cooperating sequential processes. In Programming Languages, F. Genuys, Ed., Academic Press. New York, 1968.
	3	C. A. R. Hoare, Monitors: an operating system structuring concept, Communications of the ACM, v.17 n.10, p.549-557, Oct. 1974 [doi>10.1145/355620.361161]
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	5	John H. Howard, Signaling in monitors, Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Software engineering, p.47-52, October 13-15, 1976, San Francisco, California, United States
	6	Wirth, N. Modula: A language for modular multiprogramming. Software-Practice and Experience, 7, 1 (Jan. 1977), 3-35.

CITED BY 37

	Reino Kurki-Suonio, Stepwise design of real-time systems, ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes, v.16 n.5, p.120-131, Dec. 1991
	Angelo Morzenti , Dino Mandrioli , Carlo Ghezzi, A model parametric real-time logic, ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS), v.14 n.4, p.521-573, Oct. 1992
	Gregory R. Andrews , Fred B. Schneider, Concepts and Notations for Concurrent Programming, ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), v.15 n.1, p.3-43, March 1983
	Miguel Felder , Angelo Morzenti, Validating real-time systems by history-checking TRIO specifications, Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Software engineering, p.199-211, May 11-15, 1992, Melbourne, Australia
	R. K. Shyamasundar , J. Hooman , R. Gerth, Reasoning of real-time distributed programming languages, ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes, v.14 n.3, p.91-99, May 1989
	Paul David Stotts, A comparative survey of concurrent programming languages, ACM SIGPLAN Notices, v.17 n.9, p.76-87, September 1982
	C. Samuel Hsieh, Timing analysis of cyclic concurrent programs, Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Software engineering, p.312-318, May 1989, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
	Shohei Fujita, Distributed MIMD multiprocessor system with MicroAda/SuperMicro(TM) for asynchronous concurrent Newton's algorithms, Proceedings of the 5th ACM SIGSMALL symposium on Small systems, p.49-59, August 02-04, 1982, Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States
	Robert L. Glass, Real-time: the “Lost World” of software debugging and testing, Communications of the ACM, v.23 n.5, p.264-271, May 1980
	Arne Maus, Technical correspondence: Interlude on signals and semephores revisited, Communications of the ACM, v.21 n.7, p.592, July 1978
	Kevin Jeffay, The real-time producer/consumer paradigm: a paradigm for the construction of efficient, predictable real-time systems, Proceedings of the 1993 ACM/SIGAPP symposium on Applied computing: states of the art and practice, p.796-804, February 14-16, 1993, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
	Allan M. Stavely, Design feedback and its use in software design aid systems, ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes, v.3 n.5, p.72-78, November 1978
	R. Carver , K. C. Tai, Deterministic execution testing of concurrent Ada programs, Proceedings of the conference on Tri-Ada '89: Ada technology in context: application, development, and deployment, p.528-544, January 1989, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
	Shangping Ren , Gul A. Agha, RTsynchronizer: language support for real-time specifications in distributed systems, ACM SIGPLAN Notices, v.30 n.11, p.50-59, Nov. 1995
	Shangping Ren , Gul A. Agha, RTsynchronizer: language support for real-time specifications in distributed systems, ACM SIGPLAN Notices, v.30 n.11, p.50-59, Nov. 1995
	Thomas A. Henzinger , Christoph M. Kirsch, The embedded machine: predictable, portable real-time code, ACM SIGPLAN Notices, v.37 n.5, May 2002
	Angelo Morzenti , Pierluigi San Pietro, Object-oriented logical specification of time-critical systems, ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM), v.3 n.1, p.56-98, Jan. 1994
	Toru Shimizu , Ken Sakamura, Automatic tuning of multi-task programs for real-time embedded systems, Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Software engineering, p.350-357, August 28-30, 1985, London, England
	C. Ghezzi , D. Mandrioli , S. Morasca , M. Pezze, A general way to put time in Petri nets, ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes, v.14 n.3, p.60-67, May 1989
	Manfred Broy, Abstractions from time, Programming methodology, Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., New York, NY, 2003
	Paul David Stotts, A comparative survey of concurrent programming languages, ACM SIGPLAN Notices, v.17 n.10, p.50-61, October 1982
	E. Corsetti , E. Crivelli , D. Mandrioli , A. Montanari , A. C. Morzenti , P. San Pietro , E. Ratto, Dealing with different time scales in formal specifications, Proceedings of the 6th international workshop on Software specification and design, October 25-26, 1991, Como, Italy
	R. Kurki-Suonio, Stepwise Design of Real-Time Systems, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, v.19 n.1, p.56-69, January 1993
	Ahmed Gheith , Karsten Schwan, CHAOSarc: kernel support for multiweight objects, invocations, and atomicity in real-time multiprocessor applications, ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS), v.11 n.1, p.33-72, Feb. 1993
	Dino Mandrioli , Sandro Morasca , Angelo Morzenti, Generating test cases for real-time systems from logic specifications, ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS), v.13 n.4, p.365-398, Nov. 1995
	Arthur Bernstein , Paul K. Harter, Jr., Proving real-time properties of programs with temporal logic, ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review, v.15 n.5, p.1-11, December 1981
	Kuo-Chung Tai , Richard H. Carver , Evelyn E. Obaid, Debugging Concurrent Ada Programs by Deterministic Execution, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, v.17 n.1, p.45-63, January 1991
	Carlo Ghezzi , Dino Mandrioli , Sandro Morasca , Mauro Pezzè, A Unified High-Level Petri Net Formalism for Time-Critical Systems, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, v.17 n.2, p.160-172, February 1991
	J. D. Gannon, Characteristic errors in programming languages, Proceedings of the 1978 annual conference, p.570-575, January 1978
	Ho Kyoung Lee , Woo Jin Lee , Heung Seok Chae , Yong Rae Kwon, Specification and analysis of timing requirements for real-time systems in the CBD approach, Real-Time Systems, v.36 n.1-2, p.135-158, July 2007
	Shangping Ren , Yue Yu , Nianen Chen , Jeffrey J.-P. Tsai , Kevin Kwiat, The role of roles in supporting reconfigurability and fault localizations for open distributed and embedded systems, ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems (TAAS), v.2 n.3, p.10-es, September 2007
	Thomas A. Henzinger , Christoph M. Kirsch, The embedded machine: Predictable, portable real-time code, ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS), v.29 n.6, p.33-es, October 2007
	Azer Bestavros, Engineering Real-Time Robotics Software Systems Using CLEOPATRA, Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering, v.5 n.4, p.349-368, December 1998
	Angel Alvarez, Real-time programming and priority interrupt systems, ACM SIGAda Ada Letters, v.VII n.6, p.97-100, Fall 1987
	Azer Bestavros, The validation and implementation of real-time robotics systems using Cleopatra object-oriented physically-correct specifications, ACM SIGPLAN OOPS Messenger, v.7 n.1, p.36-43, Jan. 1996
	Edward A. Lee, Computing needs time, Communications of the ACM, v.52 n.5, May 2009

INDEX TERMS

Keywords:
Modula, multiprogramming, process synchronization, processor sharing, program validation, real-time programming

Collaborative Colleagues:

Niklaus Wirth: colleagues

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