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Experimental investigations of the utility of detailed flowcharts in programming
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Communications of the ACM archive
Volume 20 ,  Issue 6  (June 1977) table of contents
Pages: 373 - 381  
Year of Publication: 1977
ISSN:0001-0782
Authors
Ben Shneiderman  Univ. of Maryland, College Park
Richard Mayer  Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara
Don McKay  Indiana Univ., Bloomington
Peter Heller  Indiana Univ., Bloomington
Publisher
ACM  New York, NY, USA
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Downloads (6 Weeks): 9,   Downloads (12 Months): 72,   Citation Count: 40
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ABSTRACT

This paper describes previous research on flowcharts and a series of controlled experiments to test the utility of detailed flowcharts as an aid to program composition, comprehension, debugging, and modification. No statistically significant difference between flowchart and nonflowchart groups has been shown, thereby calling into question the utility of detailed flowcharting. A program of further research is suggested.


REFERENCES

Note: OCR errors may be found in this Reference List extracted from the full text article. ACM has opted to expose the complete List rather than only correct and linked references.

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Bohl, M. Flowcharting Techniques. Science Research Associates, Chicago, 1971, p. 53.
 
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Chapin, N. New format for flowcharts. Software: Practice and Experience 4, 4 (1974), 341-357.
 
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Farina, F. Flowcharting. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1970, iii.
 
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Goldstein, H.H., and von Neumann, J. Planning and coding problems for an electronic computing instrument, part II, vol I. Rep. prepared for the U.S. Army Ordinance Dept., 1947. Reprinted in von Neumann, J. Collected Works, Vol. V, A.H. Taub, Ed., Mc- Millan, New York, pp. 80-151.
 
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Kammann, R. The comprehensibility of printed instructions and the flowchart alternative. Human Factors 17, 2 (1975), 183-191.
 
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Ledgard, H., and Chmura, L. COBOL with Style. Hayden, Rochelle Park, N.J., 1976.
 
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Lewis, B.N., Horabin, I.S., and Gane, C.P. Flowcharts, Logical Trees and Algorithms for Rules and Regulations. Her Majesty's Stationary Office, London, 1967.
 
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Mayer, R.E. Different problem-solving competencies established in learning computer programming with and without meaningful models. J. Educ. Psych. 67, 6 (1975), 725-734.
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Shiffrin, R.M. Memory search. In Models of Human Memory, D.A. Norman, Ed., Academic Press, New York, 1970.
 
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Shneiderman, B. Experimental testing in programming languages, stylistic considerations and design techniques. Proc. AFIPS NCC, 1975 AFIPS Press, Montvale, N.J., 1975, pp. 653-656.
 
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Shneiderman, B. Exploratory experiments in programmer behavior. Int. J. Comptr. and Inform. Sci. 5, 2 (June 1976), 123-143.
 
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Shneiderman, B., and Mayer, R. Syntactic/semantic interactions in programmer behavior: a model and experimental results (unpublished).
 
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Tulving, E. Subjective organization in free recall of "unrelated" words. Psych. Rev. 69 (1962), 344-354.
 
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Wright, P., and Reid, F. Written information: some alternatives to prose for expressing the outcomes of complex contingencies. J. Appl. Psych. 57, 2 (1973), 160-166.

CITED BY  40

Collaborative Colleagues:
Ben Shneiderman: colleagues
Richard Mayer: colleagues
Don McKay: colleagues
Peter Heller: colleagues