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Designing computer system messages
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Communications of the ACM archive
Volume 25 ,  Issue 9  (September 1982) table of contents
Pages: 610 - 611  
Year of Publication: 1982
ISSN:0001-0782
Author
Ben Shneiderman  Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD
Publisher
ACM  New York, NY, USA
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Downloads (6 Weeks): 10,   Downloads (12 Months): 39,   Citation Count: 7
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ABSTRACT

tive computer systems and studies of their users, we have become increasingly aware of the importance of system messages. Novice users are unimpressed with CPU speeds, disk storage capabilities, or elegant file structures. For them, the system appears only in the form of the messages on their screens or printers. So when novices encounter violent messages such as “FATAL ERROR, RUN ABORTED”, vague phases like “ILLEGAL CMD”, or obscure codes such as “OC7” or “IEH2191”, they are understandably shaken, confused, dismayed, and discouraged from continuing. The negative image that computer systems sometimes generate is, we believe, largely due to the difficulties users experience when they make mistakes or are unsure about what to do next.


REFERENCES

Note: OCR errors may be found in this Reference List extracted from the full text article. ACM has opted to expose the complete List rather than only correct and linked references.

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Dwyer, B. Programming for users: A bit of psychology. Comptrs. and People 30, 1 and 2 (1981), 11-14, 26. Appealing review with many examples of how messages might be improved.
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Mosteller, W. Job entry control language errors. Proc. SHARE 57, SHARE, Inc., Chicago, I11., 1981, pp. 149-155. A report on a data collection study which reveals the patterns of user errors for the IBM JES2 system.
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Shneiderman, B. Software Psychology: Human Factors in Computer and Information Systems. Little, Brown & Co., Boston, Mass., 1980. Professional book which makes the case for controlled, psychologically oriented experimentation in programming, database use, and interactive systems.
 
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Shneiderman, B. System message design: Guidelines and experimental results. In Directions in Human-Computer Interaction, A. Badre and B. Shneiderman, Eds., Ablex Publishing Co., Norwood, N.J., 1982. A more indepth discussion of system message design, presents five brief experiments comparing alternate messages for Cobol syntax checking, text editors, and job control language.
 
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Woody, C.A., et al. A subject-content oriented retriever for processing information on-line (SCORPIO). 1977 Nat. Comptr. Conf., Vol. 46, AFIPS, Arlington, Va., 1977, pp. 449-454.