Take a look at the new version of this page: [ beta version ]. Tell us what you think.

ABSTRACT

Video in digital format played on programmable devices presents opportunities for significantly enhancing the user's viewing experience. For example, time compression and pause removal can shorten the viewing time for a video, textual and visual indices can allow personalized navigation through the content, and random-access digital storage allows instantaneous seeks into the content. To understand user behavior when such capabilities are available, we built a software video browsing application that combines many such features. We present results from a user study where users browsed video in six different categories: classroom lectures, conference presentations, entertainment shows, news, sports, and travel. Our results show that the most frequently used features were time compression, pause removal, and navigation using shot boundaries. Also, the behavior was different depending on the content type, and we present a classification. Finally, the users found the browser to be very useful. Two main reasons were: i) the ability to save time and ii) the feeling of control over what content they watched.

REFERENCES

• 1: Apple QuickTime Player, Apple Corporation Inc., http://www.apple.corn/quicktime/
• 2: F. Arman , R. Depommier , A. Hsu , M.-Y. Chiu, Content-based browsing of video sequences, Proceedings of the second ACM international conference on Multimedia, p.97-103, October 15-20, 1994, San Francisco, California, United States [doi>10.1145/192593.192630]
• 3: Barry Arons, SpeechSkimmer: a system for interactively skimming recorded speech, ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI), v.4 n.1, p.3-38, March 1997 [doi>10.1145/244754.244758]
• 4: Arons, B. 'Techniques, Perception, and Applications of Time- Compressed Speech." In Proceedings of 1992 Conference, American Voice I/O Society, Sep. 1992, pp. 169-177.
• 5: Jason A. Brotherton , Janak R. Bhalodia , Gregory D. Abowd, Automated Capture, Integration, and Visualization of Multiple Media Streams, Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems, p.54, June 28-July 01, 1998 [doi>10.1109/MMCS.1998.693625]
• 6: Michael G. Christel , Michael A. Smith , C. Roy Taylor , David B. Winkler, Evolving video skims into useful multimedia abstractions, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, p.171-178, April 18-23, 1998, Los Angeles, California, United States [doi>10.1145/274644.274670]
• 7: DVD Video Group, http://www.dvdvideogroup.com/
• 8: Liwei He , Elizabeth Sanocki , Anoop Gupta , Jonathan Grudin, Auto-summarization of audio-video presentations, Proceedings of the seventh ACM international conference on Multimedia (Part 1), p.489-498, October 30-November 05, 1999, Orlando, Florida, United States [doi>10.1145/319463.319691]
• 9: Informedia, http://www.informedia.cs.cmu.edu/
• 10: Anita Komlodi , Gary Marchionini, Key frame preview techniques for video browsing, Proceedings of the third ACM conference on Digital libraries, p.118-125, June 23-26, 1998, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States [doi>10.1145/276675.276688]
• 11: Chien Yong Low , Qi Tian , Hongjiang Zhang, An automatic news video parsing, indexing and browsing system, Proceedings of the fourth ACM international conference on Multimedia, p.425-426, November 18-22, 1996, Boston, Massachusetts, United States [doi>10.1145/244130.244453]
• 12: MediaSite, http://www.mediasite.com/
• 13: Jianhao Meng , Shih-Fu Chang, CVEPS - a compressed video editing and parsing system, Proceedings of the fourth ACM international conference on Multimedia, p.43-53, November 18-22, 1996, Boston, Massachusetts, United States [doi>10.1145/244130.244145]
• 14: Microsoft Windows Media, Microsoft Corporation Inc., http:llwww.microsoft.com/windowslwindowsmedial
• 15: Michael Mills , Jonathan Cohen , Yin Yin Wong, A magnifier tool for video data, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, p.93-98, May 03-07, 1992, Monterey, California, United States [doi>10.1145/142750.142764]
• 16: Nosa Omoigui , Liwei He , Anoop Gupta , Jonathan Grudin , Elizabeth Sanocki, Time-compression: systems concerns, usage, and benefits, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems: the CHI is the limit, p.136-143, May 15-20, 1999, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States [doi>10.1145/302979.303017]
• 17: Dulce Ponceleon , Savitha Srinivasan , Arnon Amir , Dragutin Petkovic , Dan Diklic, Key to effective video retrieval: effective cataloging and browsing, Proceedings of the sixth ACM international conference on Multimedia, p.99-107, September 13-16, 1998, Bristol, United Kingdom [doi>10.1145/290747.290760]
• 18: Real Networks RealPlayer, http://www.real.com/
• 19: Replay Networks ReplayTV, http://www.replaytv.com/
• 20: Stanford Online, http://stanford-online.stanford.edu/
• 21: Lisa Joy Stifelman , Christopher M. Schmandt, The audio notebook: paper and pen interaction with structured speech, 1997
• 22: TiVo Inc., http://www.tivo.corn/
• 23: Virage, http://www.virage.com/

INDEX TERMS

Primary Classification:
  H. Information Systems
  H.5 INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION (I.7)
      H.5.1 Multimedia Information Systems
          Subjects: Video (e.g., tape, disk, DVI)

Additional Classification:
  H. Information Systems
  H.5 INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION (I.7)
      H.5.2 User Interfaces (D.2.2, H.1.2, I.3.6)
          Subjects: Interaction styles (e.g., commands, menus, forms, direct manipulation)

General Terms:
Design, Human Factors, Management, Measurement, Performance, Theory

Keywords:
digital video, next-generation video playback interfaces, pause removal, time compression, video browsing, video indexing