A morphable model for the synthesis of 3D faces

Subscribe (Full Service)


	Search: The ACM Digital Library The Guide

	Feedback

A morphable model for the synthesis of 3D faces

Full text

Pdf (2.76 MB)

Source

International Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques archive
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques table of contents

Pages: 187 - 194

Year of Publication: 1999

ISBN:0-201-48560-5

Authors

Volker Blanz	Max-Planck-Institut Für biologische Kybernetik, Spemannstr. 38, 72076 Tubingen, Germany
Thomas Vetter	Max-Planck-Institut Für biologische Kybernetik, Spemannstr. 38, 72076 Tubingen, Germany

Sponsor

SIGGRAPH: ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques

Publisher

ACM Press/Addison-Wesley Publishing Co. New York, NY, USA

Bibliometrics

Downloads (6 Weeks): 69, Downloads (12 Months): 565, Citation Count: 177

Additional Information:

references cited by index terms collaborative colleagues

Tools and Actions:	Review this Article Save this Article to a Binder Display Formats: BibTeX EndNote ACM Ref

DOI Bookmark:	Use this link to bookmark this Article: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/311535.311556 What is a DOI?

REFERENCES

Note: OCR errors may be found in this Reference List extracted from the full text article. ACM has opted to expose the complete List rather than only correct and linked references.

	1	Takaaki Akimoto , Yasuhito Suenaga , Richard S. Wallace, Automatic Creation of 3D Facial Models, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, v.13 n.5, p.16-22, September 1993 [doi>10.1109/38.232096]
	2	J.R. Bergen and R. Hingorani. Hierarchical motion-based frame rate conversion. Technical report, David Sarnoff Research Center Princeton NJ 08540, 1990.
	3	R Bergeron and R Lachapelle. Controlling facial expressions and body movements. In Advanced Computer Animation, SIGGRAPH '85 Tutorials, volume 2, pages 61-79, New York, 1985. ACM.
	4	D. Beymer and T. Poggio. Image representation for visual learning. Science, 272:1905-1909, 1996.
	5	David Beymer , Amnon Shashua , Tomaso Poggio, Example Based Image Analysis and Synthesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 1993
	6	S.E. Brennan. The caricature generator. Leonardo, 18:170-178, 1985.
	7	RJ. Burt and E.H. Adelson. Merging images through pattern decomposition. In Applications of Digital Image Processing VIII, number 575, pages 173-181. SPIE The International Society for Optical Engeneering, 1985.
	8	C.S. Choi, T. Okazaki, H. Harashima, and T. Takebe. A system of analyzing and synthesizing facial images. In Proc. IEEE Int. Symposium of Circuit and Syatems (ISCAS91), pages 2665-2668, 1991.
	9	Timothy F. Cootes , Gareth J. Edwards , Christopher J. Taylor, Active Appearance Models, Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Computer Vision-Volume II, p.484-498, June 02-06, 1998
	10	Douglas DeCarlo , Dimitris Metaxas , Matthew Stone, An anthropometric face model using variational techniques, Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.67-74, July 1998 [doi>10.1145/280814.280823]
	11	S. DiPaola. Extending the range of facial types. Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation, 2(4): 129-131, 1991.
	12	G. J. Edwards , A. Lanitis , C. J. Taylor , T. F. Cootes, Modelling the variability in face images, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG '96), p.328, October 14-16, 1996
	13	L.G. Farkas. Anthropometry of the Head and Face. RavenPress, New York, 1994.
	14	Brian Guenter , Cindy Grimm , Daniel Wood , Henrique Malvar , Fredric Pighin, Making faces, Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.55-66, July 1998 [doi>10.1145/280814.280822]
	15	I.T. Jollife. Principal Component Analysis. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1986.
	16	Michael J. Jones , Tomaso Poggio, Multidimensional Morphable Models, Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Computer Vision, p.683, January 04-07, 1998
	17	R. M. Koch, M. H. Gross, and A. A. Bosshard. Emotion editing using finite elements. In Proceedings of the Eurographics '98, COMPUTER GRAPHICS Forum, Vol. 17, No. 3, pages C295-C302, Lisbon, Portugal, 1998.
	18	Andreas Lanitis , Chris J. Taylor , Timothy F. Cootes, Automatic Interpretation and Coding of Face Images Using Flexible Models, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, v.19 n.7, p.743-756, July 1997 [doi>10.1109/34.598231]
	19	Y.C. Lee, D. Terzopoulos, and Keith Waters. Constructing physics-based facial models of individuals. Visual Computer, Proceedings of Graphics Interface '93:1-8, 1993.
	20	Yuencheng Lee , Demetri Terzopoulos , Keith Walters, Realistic modeling for facial animation, Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.55-62, September 1995 [doi>10.1145/218380.218407]
	21	J. P. Lewis, Algorithms for solid noise synthesis, Proceedings of the 16th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.263-270, July 1989
	22	N. Magneneat-Thalmann, H. Minh, M. Angelis, and D. Thalmann. Design, transformation and animation of human faces. Visual Computer, 5:32-39, 1989.
	23	Laurent Moccozet , Nadia Magnenat Thalmann, Dirichlet Free-Form Deformations and their Application to Hand Simulation, Proceedings of the Computer Animation, p.93, June 04-07, 1997
	24	Frederic I. Parke , Keith Waters, Computer facial animation, A. K. Peters, Ltd., Natick, MA, 1996
	25	Frederick I. Parke, Computer generated animation of faces, Proceedings of the ACM annual conference, August 01-01, 1972, Boston, Massachusetts, United States [doi>10.1145/800193.569955]
	26	Frederic Ira Parke, A parametric model for human faces., 1974
	27	Michael Petrov , Andrey Talapov , Timothy Robertson , Alexei Lebedev , Alexander Zhilyaev , Leonid Polonskiy, Optical 3D Digitizers: Bringing Life to the Virtual World, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, v.18 n.3, p.28-37, May 1998 [doi>10.1109/38.674969]
	28	Frédéric Pighin , Jamie Hecker , Dani Lischinski , Richard Szeliski , David H. Salesin, Synthesizing realistic facial expressions from photographs, Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.75-84, July 1998 [doi>10.1145/280814.280825]
	29	Stephen M. Platt , Norman I. Badler, Animating facial expressions, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.15 n.3, p.245-252, August 1981
	30	G. Sannier , N. Magnenat-Thalmann, A User-Friendly Texture-Fitting Methodology for Virtual Humans, Proceedings of the 1997 Conference on Computer Graphics International, p.167, June 23-27, 1997
	31	L. Sirovich and M. Kirby. Low-dimensional procedure tor the characterization of human laces. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 4:519-554, 1987.
	32	D. Terzopoulos and Keith Waters. Physically-based facial modeling, analysis, and animation. Visualization and Computer Animation, 1:73-80, 1990.
	33	Demetri Terzopoulos , Hong Qin, Dynamic NURBS with geometric constraints for interactive sculpting, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.13 n.2, p.103-136, April 1994 [doi>10.1145/176579.176580]
	34	J.T. Todd, S. M. Leonard, R. E. Shaw, and J. B. Pittenger. The perception of human growth. Scientific American, 1242:106-114, 1980.
	35	Thomas Vetter , Volker Blanz, Estimating Coloured 3D Face Models from Single Images: An Example Based Approach, Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Computer Vision-Volume II, p.499-513, June 02-06, 1998
	36	T. Vetter , M. J. Jones , T. Poggio, A bootstrapping algorithm for learning linear models of object classes, Proceedings of the 1997 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR '97), p.40, June 17-19, 1997
	37	Thomas Vetter , Tomaso Poggio, Linear Object Classes and Image Synthesis From a Single Example Image, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, v.19 n.7, p.733-742, July 1997 [doi>10.1109/34.598230]
	38	Keith Waters, A muscle model for animation three-dimensional facial expression, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.21 n.4, p.17-24, July 1987

CITED BY 178

	Byong Mok Oh , Max Chen , Julie Dorsey , Frédo Durand, Image-based modeling and photo editing, Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.433-442, August 2001
	Yu Zhang , Edmond C. Prakash , Eric Sung, Anatomy-based 3D facial modeling for expression animation, Machine Graphics & Vision International Journal, v.11 n.1, p.53-76, 2002
	Yu Zhang , Edmond C. Prakash , Eric Sung, A New Physical Model with Multilayer Architecture for Facial Expression Animation Using Dynamic Adaptive Mesh, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, v.10 n.3, p.339-352, May 2004
	Alyn Rockwood , Janet McAndless, Through the Looking Glass: The Synthesis of Computer Graphics and Computer Vision, IEEE MultiMedia, v.6 n.3, p.8-11, July 1999
	Ian Buck , Adam Finkelstein , Charles Jacobs , Allison Klein , David H. Salesin , Joshua Seims , Richard Szeliski , Kentaro Toyama, Performance-driven hand-drawn animation, Proceedings of the 1st international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering, p.101-108, June 05-07, 2000, Annecy, France
	Tony Ezzat , Gadi Geiger , Tomaso Poggio, Trainable videorealistic speech animation, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.21 n.3, July 2002
	Tomaso Poggio , Alessandro Verri, Introduction: Learning and Vision at CBCL, International Journal of Computer Vision, v.38 n.1, p.5-7, June 2000
	Brett Allen , Brian Curless , Zoran Popović, Articulated body deformation from range scan data, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.21 n.3, July 2002
	Paul Debevec , Tim Hawkins , Chris Tchou , Haarm-Pieter Duiker , Westley Sarokin , Mark Sagar, Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face, Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.145-156, July 2000
	Peter Dayan, Images, Frames, and Connectionist Hierarchies, Neural Computation, v.18 n.10, p.2293-2319, October 2006
	Maryann Simmons , Jane Wilhelms , Allen Van Gelder, Model-based reconstruction for creature animation, Proceedings of the 2002 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation, July 21-22, 2002, San Antonio, Texas
	Bon-Woo Hwang , Seong-Whan Lee, Reconstruction of Partially Damaged Face Images Based on a Morphable Face Model, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, v.25 n.3, p.365-372, March 2003
	A. Lanitis , C. J. Taylor , T. F. Cootes, Toward Automatic Simulation of Aging Effects on Face Images, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, v.24 n.4, p.442-455, April 2002
	Alain Chesnais , Jose Encarnação , Dietmar Saupe , Marc Alexa, Computer graphics in Germany, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.35 n.3, August 2001
	Nicholas M. Orlans , Alan T. Piszcz , Richard J. Chavez, Parametrically controlled synthetic imagery experiment for face recognition testing, Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGMM workshop on Biometrics methods and applications, November 08, 2003, Berkley, California
	Brett Allen , Brian Curless , Zoran Popović, The space of human body shapes: reconstruction and parameterization from range scans, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.22 n.3, July 2003
	Ko Nishino , Shree K. Nayar, Eyes for relighting, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.23 n.3, August 2004
	Wojciech Matusik , Hanspeter Pfister , Matt Brand , Leonard McMillan, A data-driven reflectance model, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.22 n.3, July 2003
	Kolja Kähler , Jörg Haber , Hans-Peter Seidel, Geometry-based muscle modeling for facial animation, No description on Graphics interface 2001, p.37-46, June 07-09, 2001, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
	Lionel Reveret , Laurent Favreau , Christine Depraz , Marie-Paule Cani, Morphable model of quadrupeds skeletons for animating 3D animals, Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation, July 29-31, 2005, Los Angeles, California
	Norimichi Tsumura , Nobutoshi Ojima , Kayoko Sato , Mitsuhiro Shiraishi , Hideto Shimizu , Hirohide Nabeshima , Syuuichi Akazaki , Kimihiko Hori , Yoichi Miyake, Image-based skin color and texture analysis/synthesis by extracting hemoglobin and melanin information in the skin, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.22 n.3, July 2003
	Kolja Kähler , Jörg Haber , Hitoshi Yamauchi , Hans-Peter Seidel, Head shop: generating animated head models with anatomical structure, Proceedings of the 2002 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation, July 21-22, 2002, San Antonio, Texas
	Peter Sand , Leonard McMillan , Jovan Popović, Continuous capture of skin deformation, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.22 n.3, July 2003
	Kolja Kähler , Jörg Haber , Hans-Peter Seidel, Reanimating the dead: reconstruction of expressive faces from skull data, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.22 n.3, July 2003
	Pushkar Joshi , Wen C. Tien , Mathieu Desbrun , Frédéric Pighin, Learning controls for blend shape based realistic facial animation, Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation, July 26-27, 2003, San Diego, California
	Simon Baker , Iain Matthews , Jeff Schneider, Automatic Construction of Active Appearance Models as an Image Coding Problem, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, v.26 n.10, p.1380-1384, October 2004
	Martin D. Levine , Ajit Rajwade, Three-dimensional view-invariant face recognition using a hierarchical pose-normalization strategy, Machine Vision and Applications, v.17 n.5, p.309-325, September 2006
	W. Zhao , R. Chellappa , P. J. Phillips , A. Rosenfeld, Face recognition: A literature survey, ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), v.35 n.4, p.399-458, December 2003
	Kazuhiro Hiwada , Atsuto Maki , Akiko Nakashima, Mimicking video: real-time morphable 3D model fitting, Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology, October 01-03, 2003, Osaka, Japan
	Douglas W. Cunningham , Mario Kleiner , Heirich H. Bülthoff , Christian Wallraven, The components of conversational facial expressions, Proceedings of the 1st Symposium on Applied perception in graphics and visualization, August 07-08, 2004, Los Angeles, California
	Alice J. O'Toole , Joshua Harms , Sarah L. Snow , Dawn R. Hurst , Matthew R. Pappas , Janet H. Ayyad , Herve Abdi, A Video Database of Moving Faces and People, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, v.27 n.5, p.812-816, May 2005
	Christoph Bregler , Lorie Loeb , Erika Chuang , Hrishi Deshpande, Turning to the masters: motion capturing cartoons, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.21 n.3, July 2002
	Doug L. James , Kayvon Fatahalian, Precomputing interactive dynamic deformable scenes, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.22 n.3, July 2003
	Sooha Park Lee , Jeremy B. Badler , Norman I. Badler, Eyes alive, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.21 n.3, July 2002
	Bernd Heisele, Visual Object Recognition with Supervised Learning, IEEE Intelligent Systems, v.18 n.3, p.38-42, May 2003
	Kensuke Habuka , Yoshihisa Shinagawa, Image Interpolation Using Enhanced Multiresolution Critical-Point Filters, International Journal of Computer Vision, v.58 n.1, p.19-35, June 2004
	Martin A. Giese , Tomaso Poggio, Morphable Models for the Analysis and Synthesis of Complex Motion Patterns, International Journal of Computer Vision, v.38 n.1, p.59-73, June 2000
	Hyewon Seo , Nadia Magnenat-Thalmann, An example-based approach to human body manipulation, Graphical Models, v.66 n.1, p.1-23, January 2004
	Bernd Heisele , Purdy Ho , Jane Wu , Tomaso Poggio, Face recognition: component-based versus global approaches, Computer Vision and Image Understanding, v.91 n.1-2, p.6-21, July 2003
	Iain Matthews , Simon Baker, Active Appearance Models Revisited, International Journal of Computer Vision, v.60 n.2, p.135-164, November 2004
	Zhengyou Zhang , Zicheng Liu , Dennis Adler , Michael F. Cohen , Erik Hanson , Ying Shan, Robust and Rapid Generation of Animated Faces from Video Images: A Model-Based Modeling Approach, International Journal of Computer Vision, v.58 n.2, p.93-119, July 2004
	Li Zhang , Noah Snavely , Brian Curless , Steven M. Seitz, Spacetime faces: high resolution capture for modeling and animation, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.23 n.3, August 2004
	Tzu-Pei Grace Chen , Sidney Fels, Exploring gradient-based face navigation interfaces, Proceedings of the 2004 conference on Graphics interface, p.65-72, May 17-19, 2004, London, Ontario, Canada
	Vidya Setlur , Bruce Gooch, Is that a smile?: gaze dependent facial expressions, Proceedings of the 3rd international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering, June 07-09, 2004, Annecy, France
	Rong-Hua Liang , Zhi-Geng Pan , Chun Chen, New algorithm for 3D facial model reconstruction and its application in virtual reality, Journal of Computer Science and Technology, v.19 n.4, p.501-509, July 2004
	Bernard Tiddeman , Michael Burt , David Perrett, Prototyping and Transforming Facial Textures for Perception Research, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, v.21 n.5, p.42-50, September 2001
	Christian R. Shelton, Morphable Surface Models, International Journal of Computer Vision, v.38 n.1, p.75-91, June 2000
	Nadia Magnenat-Thalmann , Hyewon Seo , Frederic Cordier, Automatic modeling of virtual humans and body clothing, Journal of Computer Science and Technology, v.19 n.5, p.575-584, September 2004
	J. P. Lewis , Jonathan Mooser , Zhigang Deng , Ulrich Neumann, Reducing blendshape interference by selected motion attenuation, Proceedings of the 2005 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games, April 03-06, 2005, Washington, District of Columbia
	Siome Klein Goldenstein , Christian Vogler , Dimitris Metaxas, Statistical Cue Integration in DAG Deformable Models, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, v.25 n.7, p.801-813, July 2003
	Hyewon Seo , Frederic Cordier , Nadia Magnenat-Thalmann, Synthesizing animatable body models with parameterized shape modifications, Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation, July 26-27, 2003, San Diego, California
	Hyewon Seo , Nadia Magnenat-Thalmann, An automatic modeling of human bodies from sizing parameters, Proceedings of the 2003 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics, April 27-30, 2003, Monterey, California
	Volker Blanz , Thomas Vetter, Face Recognition Based on Fitting a 3D Morphable Model, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, v.25 n.9, p.1063-1074, September 2003
	Eftychios Sifakis , Igor Neverov , Ronald Fedkiw, Automatic determination of facial muscle activations from sparse motion capture marker data, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.24 n.3, July 2005
	Oana G. Cula , Kristin J. Dana , Frank P. Murphy , Babar K. Rao, Skin Texture Modeling, International Journal of Computer Vision, v.62 n.1-2, p.97-119, April-May 2005
	Wojciech Matusik , Matthias Zwicker , Frédo Durand, Texture design using a simplicial complex of morphable textures, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.24 n.3, July 2005
	Martin Fuchs , Volker Blanz , Hendrik Lensch , Hans-Peter Seidel, Reflectance from Images: A Model-Based Approach for Human Faces, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, v.11 n.3, p.296-305, May 2005
	Daniel Vlasic , Matthew Brand , Hanspeter Pfister , Jovan Popović, Face transfer with multilinear models, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.24 n.3, July 2005
	Robert W. Sumner , Matthias Zwicker , Craig Gotsman , Jovan Popović, Mesh-based inverse kinematics, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.24 n.3, July 2005
	Christian Wallraven , Martin Breidt , Douglas W. Cunningham , Heinrich H. Bülthoff, Psychophysical evaluation of animated facial expressions, Proceedings of the 2nd symposium on Applied perception in graphics and visualization, August 26-28, 2005, A Coroña, Spain
	Zhao Ting , David Dagan Feng , Tan Zheng, 3D reconstruction of single picture, Proceedings of the Pan-Sydney area workshop on Visual information processing, p.83-86, June 01, 2004
	Louis-Philippe Morency , Trevor Darrell, From conversational tooltips to grounded discourse: head poseTracking in interactive dialog systems, Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Multimodal interfaces, October 13-15, 2004, State College, PA, USA
	Ian Fasel , Bret Fortenberry , Javier Movellan, A generative framework for real time object detection and classification, Computer Vision and Image Understanding, v.98 n.1, p.182-210, April 2005
	Bernhard Schölkopf , Florian Steinke , Volker Blanz, Object correspondence as a machine learning problem, Proceedings of the 22nd international conference on Machine learning, p.776-783, August 07-11, 2005, Bonn, Germany
	Seong G. Kong , Jingu Heo , Besma R. Abidi , Joonki Paik , Mongi A. Abidi, Recent advances in visual and infrared face recognition: a review, Computer Vision and Image Understanding, v.97 n.1, p.103-135, January 2005
	Zhigang Deng , Pei-Ying Chiang , Pamela Fox , Ulrich Neumann, Animating blendshape faces by cross-mapping motion capture data, Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games, March 14-17, 2006, Redwood City, California
	Mandun Zhang , Jian Yao , Bin Ding , Yangsheng Wang, Fast individual face modeling and animation, Proceedings of the second Australasian conference on Interactive entertainment, p.235-239, November 23-25, 2005, Sydney, Australia
	Lijun Yin , Kenny Weiss, Generating 3D views of facial expressions from frontal face video based on topographic analysis, Proceedings of the 12th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia, October 10-16, 2004, New York, NY, USA
	Mario Kleiner , Adrian Schwaninger , Douglas Cunningham , Barbara Knappmeyer, Using facial texture manipulation to study facial motion perception, Proceedings of the 1st Symposium on Applied perception in graphics and visualization, August 07-08, 2004, Los Angeles, California
	Xiaozhou Wei , Lijun Yin , Zhiwei Zhu , Qiang Ji, Avatar-mediated face tracking and lip reading for human computer interaction, Proceedings of the 12th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia, October 10-16, 2004, New York, NY, USA
	Paul G. Kry , Doug L. James , Dinesh K. Pai, EigenSkin: real time large deformation character skinning in hardware, Proceedings of the 2002 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation, July 21-22, 2002, San Antonio, Texas
	Douglas W. Cunningham , Mario Kleiner , Christian Wallraven , Heinrich H. Bülthoff, Manipulating Video Sequences to Determine the Components of Conversational Facial Expressions, ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP), v.2 n.3, p.251-269, July 05
	Alessio Del Bue , Lourdes Agapito, Non-Rigid Stereo Factorization, International Journal of Computer Vision, v.66 n.2, p.193-207, February 2006
	Arnulf B. A. Graf , Felix A. Wichmann , Heinrich H. Bülthoff , Bernhard H. Schölkopf, Classification of Faces in Man and Machine, Neural Computation, v.18 n.1, p.143-165, January 2006
	Yu Zhang , Terence Sim , Chew Lim Tan, Generating personalized anatomy-based 3D facial models from scanned data, Machine Graphics & Vision International Journal, v.14 n.1, p.3-28, January 2005
	Mario Castelán , Edwin R. Hancock, Acquiring height data from a single image of a face using local shape indicators, Computer Vision and Image Understanding, v.103 n.1, p.64-79, July 2006
	Jing Xiao , Jinxiang Chai , Takeo Kanade, A Closed-Form Solution to Non-Rigid Shape and Motion Recovery, International Journal of Computer Vision, v.67 n.2, p.233-246, April 2006
	Sing Bing Kang , Michael Jones, Appearance-Based Structure from Motion Using Linear Classes of 3-D Models, International Journal of Computer Vision, v.49 n.1, p.5-22, August 2002
	Meeran Byun , Norman I. Badler, FacEMOTE: qualitative parametric modifiers for facial animations, Proceedings of the 2002 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation, July 21-22, 2002, San Antonio, Texas
	P. Fua, Regularized Bundle-Adjustment to Model Heads from Image Sequences without Calibration Data, International Journal of Computer Vision, v.38 n.2, p.153-171, July 2000
	William A. Smith , Edwin R. Hancock, Facial Shape-from-shading and Recognition Using Principal Geodesic Analysis and Robust Statistics, International Journal of Computer Vision, v.76 n.1, p.71-91, January 2008
	Irene Albrecht , Volker Blanz , Jörg Haber , Hans-Peter Seidel, Creating face models from vague mental images, ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Sketches, July 31-August 04, 2005, Los Angeles, California
	Yi Song , Li Bai , Yangsheng Wang, 3D object modelling for entertainment applications, Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGCHI international conference on Advances in computer entertainment technology, June 14-16, 2006, Hollywood, California
	Martin David Levine , Yingfeng Yu, Face recognition subject to variations in facial expression, illumination and pose using correlation filters, Computer Vision and Image Understanding, v.104 n.1, p.1-15, October 2006
	C. Mario Christoudias , Louis-Philippe Morency , Trevor Darrell, Non-parametric and light-field deformable models, Computer Vision and Image Understanding, v.104 n.1, p.16-35, October 2006
	Zhigang Deng , Ulrich Neumann, eFASE: expressive facial animation synthesis and editing with phoneme-isomap controls, Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation, September 02-04, 2006, Vienna, Austria
	Eftychios Sifakis , Andrew Selle , Avram Robinson-Mosher , Ronald Fedkiw, Simulating speech with a physics-based facial muscle model, Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation, September 02-04, 2006, Vienna, Austria
	Jaewon Sung , Daijin Kim, A background robust active appearance model using active contour technique, Pattern Recognition, v.40 n.1, p.108-120, January, 2007
	Yusuke Sekine , Akinobu Maejima , Eiji Sugisaki , Shigeo Morishima, Car designing tool using multivariate analysis, ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Research posters, July 30-August 03, 2006, Boston, Massachusetts
	Ko Nishino , Shree K. Nayar, Corneal Imaging System: Environment from Eyes, International Journal of Computer Vision, v.70 n.1, p.23-40, October 2006
	Volker Blanz, Computing human faces for human viewers: automated animation in photographs and paintings, Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Multimodal interfaces, November 02-04, 2006, Banff, Alberta, Canada
	Ian Buck , Adam Finkelstein , Charles Jacobs , Allison Klein , David H. Salesiny , Joshua Seims , Richard Szeliski , Kentaro Toyama, Performance-driven hand-drawn animation, ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Courses, July 30-August 03, 2006, Boston, Massachusetts
	Daniel Vlasic , Matthew Brand , Hanspeter Pfister , Jovan Popovic, Face transfer with multilinear models, ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Courses, July 30-August 03, 2006, Boston, Massachusetts
	Cristóbal Curio , Martin Breidt , Mario Kleiner , Quoc C. Vuong , Martin A. Giese , Heinrich H. Bülthoff, Semantic 3D motion retargeting for facial animation, Proceedings of the 3rd symposium on Applied perception in graphics and visualization, July 28-29, 2006, Boston, Massachusetts
	George Borshukov , Jefferson Montgomery , Witek Werner, Playable universal capture: compression and real-time sequencing of image-based facial animation, ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Courses, July 30-August 03, 2006, Boston, Massachusetts
	Tim Weyrich , Wojciech Matusik , Hanspeter Pfister , Bernd Bickel , Craig Donner , Chien Tu , Janet McAndless , Jinho Lee , Addy Ngan , Henrik Wann Jensen , Markus Gross, Analysis of human faces using a measurement-based skin reflectance model, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.25 n.3, July 2006
	Aleksey Golovinskiy , Wojciech Matusik , Hanspeter Pfister , Szymon Rusinkiewicz , Thomas Funkhouser, A statistical model for synthesis of detailed facial geometry, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.25 n.3, July 2006
	Lijun Yin , Kenny Weiss , Xiaozhou Wei, Face modeling from frontal face image based on topographic analysis, ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Posters, August 08-12, 2004, Los Angeles, California
	Hiroaki Yanagisawa , Akinobu Maejima , Tatsuo Yotsukura , Shigeo Morishima, Quantitative representation of face expression using motion capture system, ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Posters, July 31-August 04, 2005, Los Angeles, California
	Pushkar Joshi , Wen C. Tien , Mathieu Desbrun , Frederic Pighin, Learning controls for blend shape based realistic facial animation, ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Courses, July 30-August 03, 2006, Boston, Massachusetts
	Slobodan Ilić , Mathieu Salzmann , Pascal Fua, Implicit Meshes for Effective Silhouette Handling, International Journal of Computer Vision, v.72 n.2, p.159-178, April 2007
	Daniel Vlasic , Matthew Brand , Hanspeter Pfister , Jovan Popović, Multilinear models for face synthesis, ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Sketches, August 08-12, 2004, Los Angeles, California
	C. Chen , E. C. Prakash, Physically based facial expression synthesizer with performance analysis and GPU-aided simulation, Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Game research and development, p.171-176, December 04-06, 2006, Perth, Australia
	Brett Allen , Brian Curless , Zoran Popović , Aaron Hertzmann, Learning a correlated model of identity and pose-dependent body shape variation for real-time synthesis, Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation, September 02-04, 2006, Vienna, Austria
	Pushkar Joshi , Wen C. Tien , Mathieu Desbrun , Frédéric Pighin, Learning controls for blend shape based realistic facial animation, ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Courses, July 31-August 04, 2005, Los Angeles, California
	Dirk Walther , Christof Koch, 2006 Special Issue: Modeling attention to salient proto-objects, Neural Networks, v.19 n.9, p.1395-1407, November, 2006
	Kang Liu , Joern Ostermann, Optimization of an image-based talking head system, EURASIP Journal on Audio, Speech, and Music Processing, 2009, p.1-13, January 2009
	Ig-Jae Kim , Hyeong-Seok Ko, Intuitive quasi-eigen faces, Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australia and Southeast Asia, December 01-04, 2007, Perth, Australia
	Won-Sook Lee , Andrew Soon, Mesh resolution augmentation using 3D skin bank, Computer-Aided Design, v.39 n.7, p.610-621, July, 2007
	Christian Vogler , Siome Goldenstein , Jorge Stolfi , Vladimir Pavlovic , Dimitris Metaxas, Outlier rejection in high-dimensional deformable models, Image and Vision Computing, v.25 n.3, p.274-284, March, 2007
	Steve DiPaola, Investigating face space, ACM SIGGRAPH 2002 conference abstracts and applications, July 21-26, 2002, San Antonio, Texas
	Yan Tong , Yang Wang , Zhiwei Zhu , Qiang Ji, Robust facial feature tracking under varying face pose and facial expression, Pattern Recognition, v.40 n.11, p.3195-3208, November, 2007
	Marco Fratarcangeli , Marco Schaerf , Robert Forchheimer, Facial motion cloning with radial basis functions in MPEG-4 FBA, Graphical Models, v.69 n.2, p.106-118, March, 2007
	Pengcheng Xi , Won-Sook Lee , Chang Shu, Analysis of segmented human body scans, Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2007, May 28-30, 2007, Montreal, Canada
	S. Phimoltares , C. Lursinsap , K. Chamnongthai, Face detection and facial feature localization without considering the appearance of image context, Image and Vision Computing, v.25 n.5, p.741-753, May, 2007
	Kai Hormann , Bruno Lévy , Alla Sheffer, Mesh parameterization: theory and practice Video files associated with this course are available from the citation page , ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 courses, August 05-09, 2007, San Diego, California
	Manfred Lau , Jinxiang Chai , Ying-Qing Xu , Heung-Yeung Shum, Face poser: interactive modeling of 3D facial expressions using model priors, Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation, August 02-04, 2007, San Diego, California
	James Skorupski , Jerry Yee , Josh McCoy , James Davis, Facial type, expression, and viseme generation, ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 posters, August 05-09, 2007, San Diego, California
	In Kyu Park , Hui Zhang , Vladimir Vezhnevets, Image-based 3D face modeling system, EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing, v.2005 n.1, p.2072-2090, 1 January 2005
	Justin Solomon, The science of shape: revolutionizing graphics and vision with the third dimension, Crossroads, v.13 n.4, p.10-10, September 2007
	Jian-Gang Wang , Hui Kong , Eric Sung , Wei-Yun Yau , Eam Khwang Teoh, Fusion of appearance image and passive stereo depth map for face recognition based on the bilateral 2DLDA, Journal on Image and Video Processing, v.2007 n.2, p.6-6, August 2007
	C. Chen , Edmond C. Prakash, Adaptive processing of range scanned head: synthesis of personalized animated human face representation with multiple-level radial basis function, EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing, v.2007 n.1, p.208-208, 1 January 2007
	Alla Sheffer , Emil Praun , Kenneth Rose, Mesh parameterization methods and their applications, Foundations and Trends® in Computer Graphics and Vision, v.2 n.2, p.105-171, January 2006
	Kevin Wampler , Daichi Sasaki , Li Zhang , Zoran Popović, Dynamic, expressive speech animation from a single mesh, Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation, August 02-04, 2007, San Diego, California
	Jake V. Bouvrie , Pawan Sinha, Visual object concept discovery: Observations in congenitally blind children, and a computational approach, Neurocomputing, v.70 n.13-15, p.2218-2233, August, 2007
	Bernd Heisele , Thomas Serre , T. Poggio, A Component-based Framework for Face Detection and Identification, International Journal of Computer Vision, v.74 n.2, p.167-181, August 2007
	Jeremy N. Bailenson , Andrew C. Beall , Jim Blascovich , Christopher Rex, Examining Virtual Busts: Are Photogrammetrically Generated Head Models Effective for Person Identification?, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, v.13 n.4, p.416-427, August 2004
	Jeremy N. Bailenson , Andrew C. Beall , Jack Loomis , Jim Blascovich , Matthew Turk, Transformed Social Interaction: Decoupling Representation from Behavior and Form in Collaborative Virtual Environments, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, v.13 n.4, p.428-441, August 2004
	Iain Matthews , Jing Xiao , Simon Baker, 2D vs. 3D Deformable Face Models: Representational Power, Construction, and Real-Time Fitting, International Journal of Computer Vision, v.75 n.1, p.93-113, October 2007
	V. G. Zhislina , D. V. Ivanov , V. F. Kuriakin , V. S. Lempitskii , E. M. Martinova , K. V. Rodyushkin , T. V. Firsova , A. A. Khropov , A. V. Shokurov, Creating and Animating Personalized Head Models from Digital Photographs and Video, Programming and Computing Software, v.30 n.5, p.242-257, September-October 2004
	Frédéric Pighin , Richard Szeliski , David H. Salesin, Modeling and Animating Realistic Faces from Images, International Journal of Computer Vision, v.50 n.2, p.143-169, November 2002
	Rita T. Griesser , Douglas W. Cunningham , Christian Wallraven , Heinrich H. Bülthoff, Psychophysical investigation of facial expressions using computer animated faces, Proceedings of the 4th symposium on Applied perception in graphics and visualization, July 25-27, 2007, Tubingen, Germany
	Tanasai Sucontphunt , Zhenyao Mo , Ulrich Neumann , Zhigang Deng, Interactive 3D facial expression posing through 2D portrait manipulation, Proceedings of graphics interface 2008, May 28-30, 2008, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
	Yongli Hu , Mingquan Zhou , Zhongke Wu, A dense point-to-point alignment method for realistic 3D face morphing and animation, International Journal of Computer Games Technology, 2009, p.1-9, January 2009
	Jaewon Sung , Daijin Kim, Adaptive active appearance model with incremental learning, Pattern Recognition Letters, v.30 n.4, p.359-367, March, 2009
	Tim Weyrich , Jason Lawrence , Hendrik Lensch , Szymon Rusinkiewicz , Todd Zickler, Principles of appearance acquisition and representation, ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 classes, August 11-15, 2008, Los Angeles, California
	Jiayan Jiang , Liming Zhang , Tetsuo Furukawa, A class density approximation neural network for improving the generalization of Fisherface, Neurocomputing, v.71 n.16-18, p.3239-3246, October, 2008
	Christian Wallraven , Martin Breidt , Douglas W. Cunningham , Heinrich H. Bülthoff, Evaluating the perceptual realism of animated facial expressions, ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP), v.4 n.4, p.1-20, January 2008
	Adrian Schwaninger , Sandra Schumacher , Heinrich Bülthoff , Christian Wallraven, Using 3D computer graphics for perception: the role of local and global information in face processing, Proceedings of the 4th symposium on Applied perception in graphics and visualization, July 25-27, 2007, Tubingen, Germany
	Roberto C. Cavalcante Vieira , Creto Augusto Vidal , Joaquim B. Cavalcante-Neto, A biologically inspired generation of virtual characters, Proceedings of the 2008 ACM symposium on Applied computing, March 16-20, 2008, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
	Hau-San Wong , Bo Ma , Yang Sha , Horace H. S. Ip, 3D head model retrieval in kernel feature space using HSOM, Pattern Recognition, v.41 n.2, p.468-483, February, 2008
	Nathan Litke , Marc Droske , Martin Rumpf , Peter Schröder, An image processing approach to surface matching, Proceedings of the third Eurographics symposium on Geometry processing, July 04-06, 2005, Vienna, Austria
	Tatsunori Hayakawa , Yusuke Sekine , Akinobu Maejima , Shigeo Morishima, Designing a new car body shape by PCA of existing car database, ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 posters, August 05-09, 2007, San Diego, California
	Mark Pauly , Niloy J. Mitra , Joachim Giesen , Markus Gross , Leonidas J. Guibas, Example-based 3D scan completion, Proceedings of the third Eurographics symposium on Geometry processing, July 04-06, 2005, Vienna, Austria
	Justin Solomon, Fast and accurate estimation of principal curvatures and directions for morphable models, ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 posters, August 05-09, 2007, San Diego, California
	Barry-John Theobald , Iain A. Matthews , Jeffrey F. Cohn , Steven M. Boker, Real-time expression cloning using appearance models, Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Multimodal interfaces, November 12-15, 2007, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
	Alice Wang , Michael Emmi , Petros Faloutsos, Assembling an expressive facial animation system, Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGGRAPH symposium on Video games, August 04-05, 2007, San Diego, California
	Guanghui Wang , Hung-Tat Tsui , Q.M. Jonathan Wu, Rotation constrained power factorization for structure from motion of nonrigid objects, Pattern Recognition Letters, v.29 n.1, p.72-80, January, 2008
	Jon Sporring , Katrine Hommelhoff Jensen, Bayes Reconstruction of Missing Teeth, Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision, v.31 n.2-3, p.245-254, July 2008
	R. Galvao , R. G. Laycock , A. M. Day, GPU techniques for creating visually diverse crowds in real-time, Proceedings of the 2008 ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology, October 27-29, 2008, Bordeaux, France
	Qingquan Wu , Jezekiel Ben-Arie, View invariant head recognition by Hybrid PCA based reconstruction, Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering, v.15 n.2, p.97-108, April 2008
	Randall Smith , Richard Pawlicki , István Kókai , Jörg Finger , Thomas Vetter, Navigating in a Shape Space of Registered Models, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, v.13 n.6, p.1552-1559, November 2007
	Omid Khayat , Hamid Reza Shahdoosti , Ahmad Jaberi Motlagh, An overview on model-based approaches in face recognition, Proceedings of the 7th WSEAS International Conference on Artificial intelligence, knowledge engineering and data bases, p.109-115, February 20-22, 2008, Cambridge, UK
	Jaewon Sung , Takeo Kanade , Daijin Kim, Pose Robust Face Tracking by Combining Active Appearance Models and Cylinder Head Models, International Journal of Computer Vision, v.80 n.2, p.260-274, November 2008
	István Kókai , Jörg Finger , Randall C. Smith , Richard Pawlicki , Thomas Vetter, Example-based conceptual styling framework for automotive shapes, Proceedings of the 4th Eurographics workshop on Sketch-based interfaces and modeling, August 02-03, 2007, Riverside, California
	Tommer Leyvand , Daniel Cohen-Or , Gideon Dror , Dani Lischinski, Data-driven enhancement of facial attractiveness, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.27 n.3, August 2008
	Feng Han , Song-Chun Zhu, A Two-Level Generative Model for Cloth Representation and Shape from Shading, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, v.29 n.7, p.1230-1243, July 2007
	Cristóbal Curio , Martin A. Giese , Martin Breidt , Mario Kleiner , Heinrich H. Bülthoff, Probing dynamic human facial action recognition from the other side of the mean, Proceedings of the 5th symposium on Applied perception in graphics and visualization, August 09-10, 2008, Los Angeles, California
	Mathieu Salzmann , Julien Pilet , Slobodan Ilic , Pascal Fua, Surface Deformation Models for Nonrigid 3D Shape Recovery, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, v.29 n.8, p.1481-1487, August 2007
	F. Al-Osaimi , M. Bennamoun , A. Mian, An Expression Deformation Approach to Non-rigid 3D Face Recognition, International Journal of Computer Vision, v.81 n.3, p.302-316, March 2009
	A. Z. Kouzani, Classification of face images using local iterated function systems, Machine Vision and Applications, v.19 n.4, p.223-248, May 2008
	Yu Zhang , Eric Sung, EDFCES: a new example-driven 3D face construction and editing system, Machine Graphics & Vision International Journal, v.17 n.3, p.313-346, January 2008
	Kai Hormann , Konrad Polthier , Alia Sheffer, Mesh parameterization: theory and practice, ACM SIGGRAPH ASIA 2008 courses, p.1-87, December 10-13, 2008, Singapore
	Ognjen Arandjelović , Roberto Cipolla, A methodology for rapid illumination-invariant face recognition using image processing filters, Computer Vision and Image Understanding, v.113 n.2, p.159-171, February, 2009
	Pieter Peers , Naoki Tamura , Wojciech Matusik , Paul Debevec, Post-production facial performance relighting using reflectance transfer, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.26 n.3, July 2007
	Shigeo Morishima, “Dive into the Movie” Audience-Driven Immersive Experience in the Story, IEICE - Transactions on Information and Systems, v.E91-D n.6, p.1594-1603, June 2008
	Akinobu Maejima , Shuhei Wemler , Tamotsu Machida , Masao Takebayashi , Shigeo Morishima, Instant Casting Movie Theater: The Future Cast System, IEICE - Transactions on Information and Systems, v.E91-D n.4, p.1135-1148, April 2008
	José M. Buenaposada , Enrique Muñoz , Luis Baumela, Efficient illumination independent appearance-based face tracking, Image and Vision Computing, v.27 n.5, p.560-578, April, 2009
	Martin D. Levine , Yingfeng (Chris) Yu, State-of-the-art of 3D facial reconstruction methods for face recognition based on a single 2D training image per person, Pattern Recognition Letters, v.30 n.10, p.908-913, July, 2009
	Krishnan Ramnath , Seth Koterba , Jing Xiao , Changbo Hu , Iain Matthews , Simon Baker , Jeffrey Cohn , Takeo Kanade, Multi-View AAM Fitting and Construction, International Journal of Computer Vision, v.76 n.2, p.183-204, February 2008
	Xiaozheng Zhang , Yongsheng Gao, Face recognition across pose: A review, Pattern Recognition, v.42 n.11, p.2876-2896, November, 2009
	Yu Zhang , Edmond C. Prakash, Face to face: anthropometry-based interactive face shape modeling using model priors, International Journal of Computer Games Technology, v.2009 n.2, p.1-15, January 2009
	Jaewon Sung , Daijin Kim, Real-time facial expression recognition using STAAM and layered GDA classifier, Image and Vision Computing, v.27 n.9, p.1313-1325, August, 2009
	Tao Ju, Fixing geometric errors on polygonal models: a survey, Journal of Computer Science and Technology, v.24 n.1, p.19-29, January 2009
	Fadi Dornaika , Angel D. Sappa, Evaluation of an appearance-based 3D face tracker using dense 3D data, Machine Vision and Applications, v.19 n.5-6, p.427-441, September 2008
	A-Nasser Ansari , Mohamed Abdel-Mottaleb , Mohammad H. Mahoor, A multimodal approach for 3D face modeling and recognition using 3D deformable facial mask, Machine Vision and Applications, v.20 n.3, p.189-203, February 2009
	Umar Mohammed , Simon J. D. Prince , Jan Kautz, Visio-lization: generating novel facial images, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.28 n.3, August 2009
	Xun Gong , Guoyin Wang , Lili Xiong, Single 2D Image-based 3D Face Reconstruction and Its Application in Pose Estimation, Fundamenta Informaticae, v.94 n.2, p.179-195, April 2009