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 ABSTRACT
The design and evaluation of a high performance soft keyboard
for mobile systems are described. Using a model to predict the
upper-bound text entry rate for soft keyboards, we designed a
keyboard layout with a predicted upper-bound entry rate of 58.2
wpm. This is about 35% faster than the predicted rate for a QWERTY
layout. We compared our design (OPTI) with a QWERTY layout in a
longitudinal evaluation using five participants and 20 45-minute
sessions of text entry. Average entry rates for OPT1 increased from
17.0 wpm initially to 44.3 wpm at session 20. The average rates
exceeded those for the QWERTY layout after the 10 session (about 4
hours of practice). A regression equation (R = .997) in the form of
the power-law of learning predicts that our upper-bound prediction
would be reach at about session 50.
REFERENCES
Note: OCR errors may be found in this Reference List extracted from the full text article. ACM has opted to expose the complete List rather than only correct and linked references.
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CITED BY 56
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Shumin Zhai , Alison Sue , Johnny Accot, Movement model, hits distribution and learning in virtual keyboarding, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems: Changing our world, changing ourselves, April 20-25, 2002, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Joshua Goodman , Gina Venolia , Keith Steury , Chauncey Parker, Language modeling for soft keyboards, Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces, January 13-16, 2002, San Francisco, California, USA
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David J. Ward , Alan F. Blackwell , David J. C. MacKay, Dasher—a data entry interface using continuous gestures and language models, Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology, p.129-137, November 06-08, 2000, San Diego, California, United States
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Shumin Zhai , Michael Hunter , Barton A. Smith, The metropolis keyboard - an exploration of quantitative techniques for virtual keyboard design, Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology, p.119-128, November 06-08, 2000, San Diego, California, United States
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Johan Himberg , Jonna Häkkilä , Petri Kangas , Jani Mäntyjärvi, On-line personalization of a touch screen based keyboard, Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces, January 12-15, 2003, Miami, Florida, USA
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I. Scott MacKenzie , Hedy Kober , Derek Smith , Terry Jones , Eugene Skepner, LetterWise: prefix-based disambiguation for mobile text input, Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology, November 11-14, 2001, Orlando, Florida
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Joshua Goodman , Gina Venolia , Keith Steury , Chauncey Parker, Language modeling for soft keyboards, Eighteenth national conference on Artificial intelligence, p.419-424, July 28-August 01, 2002, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Kent Lyons , Thad Starner , Daniel Plaisted , James Fusia , Amanda Lyons , Aaron Drew , E. W. Looney, Twiddler typing: one-handed chording text entry for mobile phones, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, p.671-678, April 24-29, 2004, Vienna, Austria
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Shumin Zhai , Stéphane Conversy , Michel Beaudouin-Lafon , Yves Guiard, Human on-line response to target expansion, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, April 05-10, 2003, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA
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Brad A. Myers , Jacob O. Wobbrock , Sunny Yang , Brian Yeung , Jeffrey Nichols , Robert Miller, Using handhelds to help people with motor impairments, Proceedings of the fifth international ACM conference on Assistive technologies, July 08-10, 2002, Edinburgh, Scotland
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Garth Shoemaker , Leah Findlater , Jessica Q. Dawson , Kellogg S. Booth, Mid-air text input techniques for very large wall displays, Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2009, May 25-27, 2009, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
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Jens Gerken , Hans-Joachim Bieg , Stefan Dierdorf , Harald Reiterer, Enhancing input device evaluation: longitudinal approaches, Proceedings of the 27th international conference extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems, April 04-09, 2009, Boston, MA, USA
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INDEX TERMS
Primary Classification:
H.
Information Systems
H.5
INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION (I.7)
H.5.2
User Interfaces (D.2.2, H.1.2, I.3.6)
Subjects:
Input devices and strategies (e.g., mouse, touchscreen)
Additional Classification:
H.
Information Systems
H.5
INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION (I.7)
H.5.3
Group and Organization Interfaces
Subjects:
Computer-supported cooperative work
K.
Computing Milieux
K.4
COMPUTERS AND SOCIETY
K.4.3
Organizational Impacts
Subjects:
Computer-supported collaborative work
General Terms:
Algorithms,
Experimentation,
Performance,
Verification
Keywords:
Fitts' law,
digraph probabilities,
linguistic models,
mobile systems,
pen input,
soft keyboards,
stylus input
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