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ABSTRACT

Recently there has been much interest in combining the speed of layer-2 switching with the features of layer-3 routing. This has been prompted by numerous proposals, including: IP Switching [1], Tag Switching [2], ARIS [3], CSR [4], and IP over ATM [5]. In this paper, we study IP Switching and evaluate the performance claims made by Newman et al in [1] and [6]. In particular, using ten network traces, we study how well IP Switching performs with traffic found in campus, corporate, and Internet Service Provider (ISP) environments. Our main finding is that IP Switching will lead to a high proportion of datagrams that are switched; over 75% in all of the environments we studied. We also investigate the effects that different flow classifiers and various timer values have on performance, and note that some choices can result in a large VC space requirement. Finally, we present recommendations for the flow classifier and timer values, as a function of the VC space of the switch and the network environment being served.

REFERENCES

• 1: Peter Newman, Tom Lyon, and Greg Minshall. "Flow Labelled IP; A Connectionless Approach to ATM." Proc. IEEE Infocom '96, vol. 3, pp. 1251-60.
• 2: Yakov Rekhter, Brace Davie, Dave Katz, Eric Rosen, and George Swallow. "Cisco Systems' Tag Switching Architecture Overview." IETF RFC 2105, Feb. 1997.
• 3: Amn Viswanathan, Nancy Feldman, Rick Boivie, and Richard Woundy. "ARIS: Aggregate Route-Based iP Switching.'' IE-WF interact Draft, March 1997.
• 4: K. Nagami, Y. Katsube, Y. Shobatake, A. Mogi, S. Matsuzawa, T. Jinmei, H. Esaki. "Toshiba's Flow Attribute Notification Protocol (F~) Specification." IETF RFC 2129, April 1997.
• 5: Guru Parulkar , Douglas C. Schmidt , Jonathan S. Turner, aItPm: a strategy for integrating IP with ATM, Proceedings of the conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication, p.49-59, August 28-September 01, 1995, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
• 6: Ipsilon Networks. "IP Switchil~g: The Intelligence of'Routing, the Performance of Switching." White Paper. Available at http:llwww.ipsilon.comlproductinfoltechwp l.html.
• 7: Willibald Doeringer , Günter Karjoth , Mehdi Nassehi, Routing on longest-matching prefixes, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON), v.4 n.1, p.86-97, Feb. 1996 [doi>10.1109/90.503764]
• 8: C. Partridge. "A Fifty Gigabit per Second IP Router." Submitted to IE E/ACM Trans. Networking.
• 9: Nick McKeown , Martin Izzard , Adisak Mekkittikul , William Ellersick , Mark Horowitz, Tiny Tera: A Packet Switch Core, IEEE Micro, v.17 n.1, p.26-33, January 1997 [doi>10.1109/40.566194]
• 10: P. Newman, W. L. Edwards, R. Hinden, E. Hoffman, F, Ching Liaw, T. Lyon, and G. Minshall. "Ipsilon Flow Management Protocol Specification for IPv4." IETF RFC 1953, May 1996.
• 11: P. Newman, W. L. Edwards, R. Hinden, E. Hoffman, F, Ch-. ing Liaw, T. Lyon, and G. Minshall. ''Transmission of Flow Labeled IPv4 on ATM Data Links." IETF RFC 1954, May 1996.
• 12: Jon Postel. "Intemet Protocol." IETF RFC 791, Sept. 1981.
• 13: Vern Paxson , Sally Floyd, Wide area traffic: the failure of Poisson modeling, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON), v.3 n.3, p.226-244, June 1995 [doi>10.1109/90.392383]
• 14: H. Che, S. Q. Li, and A. Lin. "Adaptive Resource Management for IPIATM Hybrid Switching Systems." Pre-publication manuscript.

INDEX TERMS

Primary Classification:
  B. Hardware
  B.4 INPUT/OUTPUT AND DATA COMMUNICATIONS

Additional Classification:
  C. Computer Systems Organization
  C.2 COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

  D. Software
  D.4 OPERATING SYSTEMS

General Terms:
Design, Documentation, Management, Measurement