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The program dependence graph and its use in optimization
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Source ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS) archive
Volume 9 ,  Issue 3  (July 1987) table of contents
Pages: 319 - 349  
Year of Publication: 1987
ISSN:0164-0925
Authors
Jeanne Ferrante  IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY
Karl J. Ottenstein  Michigan Technological Univ., Houghton
Joe D. Warren  Rice Univ., Houston, TX
Publisher
ACM  New York, NY, USA
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ABSTRACT

In this paper we present an intermediate program representation, called the program dependence graph (PDG), that makes explicit both the data and control dependences for each operation in a program. Data dependences have been used to represent only the relevant data flow relationships of a program. Control dependences are introduced to analogously represent only the essential control flow relationships of a program. Control dependences are derived from the usual control flow graph. Many traditional optimizations operate more efficiently on the PDG. Since dependences in the PDG connect computationally related parts of the program, a single walk of these dependences is sufficient to perform many optimizations. The PDG allows transformations such as vectorization, that previously required special treatment of control dependence, to be performed in a manner that is uniform for both control and data dependences. Program transformations that require interaction of the two dependence types can also be easily handled with our representation. As an example, an incremental approach to modifying data dependences resulting from branch deletion or loop unrolling is introduced. The PDG supports incremental optimization, permitting transformations to be triggered by one another and applied only to affected dependences.


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INDEX TERMS

Classification:
  D. Software
  D.3 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
      D.3.4 Processors
          Subjects: Compilers; Optimization


General Terms:
Algorithms, Languages, Performance


REVIEW

"John R. Levine : Reviewer"

The program dependence graph (PDG) is a program representation that combines control flow and data flow information into a single structure. The authors cite previous work on control dependence graphs, which represent control flow without data f  more...

Collaborative Colleagues:
Jeanne Ferrante: colleagues
Karl J. Ottenstein: colleagues
Joe D. Warren: colleagues

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