The virtual cinematographer

Subscribe (Full Service)


	Search: The ACM Digital Library The Guide

	Feedback

The virtual cinematographer: a paradigm for automatic real-time camera control and directing

Full text

Pdf (241 KB)

Source

International Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques archive
Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques table of contents

Pages: 217 - 224

Year of Publication: 1996

ISBN:0-89791-746-4

Authors

Li-wei He	Microsoft Research, One Microsoft Way, Seattle, WA
Michael F. Cohen	Microsoft Research, One Microsoft Way, Seattle, WA
David H. Salesin	Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA

Sponsor

SIGGRAPH: ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques

Publisher

ACM New York, NY, USA

Bibliometrics

Downloads (6 Weeks): 7, Downloads (12 Months): 84, Citation Count: 58

Additional Information:

references cited by index terms collaborative colleagues

Tools and Actions:	Request Permissions Review this Article Save this Article to a Binder Display Formats: BibTeX EndNote ACM Ref

DOI Bookmark:	Use this link to bookmark this Article: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/237170.237259 What is a DOI?

REFERENCES

Note: OCR errors may be found in this Reference List extracted from the full text article. ACM has opted to expose the complete List rather than only correct and linked references.

	1	Daniel Arijon. Grammar of the Film Language. Communication Arts Books, Hastings House, Publishers, New York, 1976.
	2	IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, Where Am I? What Am I Looking At?, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, v.8 n.4, p.76-81, July 1988 [doi>10.1109/38.7751]
	3	David B. Christianson, Sean E. Anderson, Li-wei He, David H. Salesin, Daniel S. Weld, and Michael F. Cohen. Declarative camera control for automatic cinematography. In Proceedings of the AAAI-96, August 1996.
	4	Steven M. Drucker , Tinsley A. Galyean , David Zeltzer, CINEMA: a system for procedural camera movements, Proceedings of the 1992 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics, p.67-70, June 1992, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States [doi>10.1145/147156.147166]
	5	Steven M. Drucker , David Zeltzer, CamDroid: a system for implementing intelligent camera control, Proceedings of the 1995 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics, p.139-144, April 09-12, 1995, Monterey, California, United States [doi>10.1145/199404.199428]
	6	Steven M. Drucker and David Zeltzer. Intelligent camera control in a virtual environment. In Proceedings of Graphics Interface '94, pages 190-199, Banff, Alberta, Canada, May 1994. Canadian Information Processing Society.
	7	James D. Foley , Andries van Dam , Steven K. Feiner , John F. Hughes, Computer graphics: principles and practice (2nd ed.), Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc., Boston, MA, 1990
	8	Michael Gleicher , Andrew Witkin, Through-the-lens camera control, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.26 n.2, p.331-340, July 1992
	9	David Harel, Statecharts: A visual formalism for complex systems, Science of Computer Programming, v.8 n.3, p.231-274, June 1, 1987 [doi>10.1016/0167-6423(87)90035-9]
	10	Donald Hearn , M. Pauline Baker, Computer graphics, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1986
	11	P. Karp , S. Feiner, Issues in the automated generation of animated presentations, Proceedings on Graphics interface '90, p.39-48, June 1990, Halifax, Nova Scotia
	12	Peter Karp and Steven Feiner. Automated presentation planning of animation using task decomposition with heuristic reasoning. In Proceedings of Graphics Interface '93, pages 118-127, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, May 1993. Canadian Information Processing Society.
	13	Christopher Lukas. Directing for Film and Television. Anchor Press/Doubleday, Garden City, N.Y., 1985.
	14	Jock D. Mackinlay , Stuart K. Card , George G. Robertson, Rapid controlled movement through a virtual 3D workspace, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, v.24 n.4, p.171-176, Aug. 1990
	15	Joseph V. Mascelli. The Five C's of Cinematography. Cine/Grafic Publications, Hollywood, 1965.
	16	Cary B. Phillips , Norman I. Badler , John Granieri, Automatic viewing control for 3D direct manipulation, Proceedings of the 1992 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics, p.71-74, June 1992, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States [doi>10.1145/147156.147167]
	17	Warren Sack and Marc Davis. IDIC: Assembling video sequences from story plans and content annotations. In IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems, Boston, MA, May 1994.
	18	Patrick Tucker. Secrets of Screen Acting. Routledge, New York, 1994.

CITED BY 58

	John Funge , Xiaoyuan Tu , Demetri Terzopoulos, Cognitive modeling: knowledge, reasoning and planning for intelligent characters, Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.29-38, July 1999
	Bill Tomlinson , Bruce Blumberg , Delphine Nain, Expressive autonomous cinematography for interactive virtual environments, Proceedings of the fourth international conference on Autonomous agents, p.317-324, June 03-07, 2000, Barcelona, Spain
	William H. Bares , Luke S. Zettlemoyer , Dennis W. Rodriguez , James C. Lester, Task-sensitive cinematography interfaces for interactive 3D learning environments, Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Intelligent user interfaces, p.81-88, January 06-09, 1998, San Francisco, California, United States
	Inhabited television: broadcasting interaction from within collaborative virtual environments, ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI), v.7 n.4, p.510-547, Dec. 2000
	Chris Greenhalgh , John Bowers , Graham Walker , John Wyver , Steve Benford , Ian Taylor, Creating a live broadcast from a virtual environment, Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.375-384, July 1999
	Dieter W. Fellner , Armin Hopp, VR-LAB—a distributed multi-user environment for educational purposes and presentations, Proceedings of the fourth symposium on Virtual reality modeling language, p.121-132, February 23-26, 1999, Paderborn, Germany
	Blaine Bell , Steven Feiner , Tobias Höllerer, View management for virtual and augmented reality, Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology, November 11-14, 2001, Orlando, Florida
	Yong Rui , Liwei He , Anoop Gupta , Qiong Liu, Building an intelligent camera management system, Proceedings of the ninth ACM international conference on Multimedia, September 30-October 05, 2001, Ottawa, Canada
	William H. Bares , James C. Lester, Intelligent multi-shot visualization interfaces for dynamic 3D worlds, Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces, p.119-126, January 05-08, 1999, Los Angeles, California, United States
	Yong Rui , Anoop Gupta , J. J. Cadiz, Viewing meeting captured by an omni-directional camera, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, p.450-457, March 2001, Seattle, Washington, United States
	Nicholas Burtnyk , Azam Khan , George Fitzmaurice , Ravin Balakrishnan , Gordon Kurtenbach, StyleCam: interactive stylized 3D navigation using integrated spatial & temporal controls, Proceedings of the 15th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology, October 27-30, 2002, Paris, France
	Qiong Liu , Yong Rui , Anoop Gupta , J. J. Cadiz, Automating camera management for lecture room environments, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, p.442-449, March 2001, Seattle, Washington, United States
	Scott McDermott , Junwei Li , William Bares, Storyboard frame editing for cinematic composition, Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces, January 13-16, 2002, San Francisco, California, USA
	Jun Yabe , Shin Takahashi , Estuya Shibayama, Automatic animation of discussions in USENET, Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces, p.84-91, May 2000, Palermo, Italy
	William Bares , Scott McDermott , Christina Boudreaux , Somying Thainimit, Virtual 3D camera composition from frame constraints, Proceedings of the eighth ACM international conference on Multimedia, p.177-186, October 2000, Marina del Rey, California, United States
	Frédo Durand, An invitation to discuss computer depiction, Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering, June 03-05, 2002, Annecy, France
	Stephen Boyd Davis , Huw Jones, Screen space: depiction and the space of interactive media, Proceedings of the sixth Eurographics workshop on Multimedia 2001, p.165-176, September 08-09, 2001, Manchester, UK
	William Bares , Byungwoo Kim, Generating virtual camera compositions, Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces, p.9-12, January 14-17, 2001, Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States
	Michael Gleicher , James Masanz, Towards virtual videography (poster session), Proceedings of the eighth ACM international conference on Multimedia, p.375-378, October 2000, Marina del Rey, California, United States
	Stanislav L. Stoev , Wolfgang Straßer, A case study on automatic camera placement and motion for visualizing historical data, Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '02, October 27-November 01, 2002, Boston, Massachusetts
	Chris Flerackers , Rae Earnshaw , Gert Vansichem , Frank Van Reeth , Frank Alsema, Creating Broadcast Interactive Drama in an NVE, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, v.21 n.1, p.56-60, January 2001
	Karl E. Steiner , Jay Tomkins, Narrative event adaptation in virtual environments, Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Intelligent user interface, January 13-16, 2004, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal
	Michael L. Gleicher , Rachel M. Heck , Michael N. Wallick, A framework for virtual videography, Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on Smart graphics, p.9-16, June 11-13, 2002, Hawthorne, New York
	Alejandro Ramírez, Towards a cinematically enhanced narrative, Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGCHI International Conference on Advances in computer entertainment technology, p.365-366, June 15-17, 2005, Valencia, Spain
	Michael Nitsche , Stanislav Roudavski , François Penz , Maureen Thomas, Narrative expressive space, ACM SIGGROUP Bulletin, v.23 n.2, p.10-13, August 2002
	Bill Tomlinson, From linear to interactive animation: how autonomous characters change the process and product of animating, Computers in Entertainment (CIE), v.3 n.1, Jan-March 2005
	Milena Radenkovic, Novel Infrastructures for Supporting Mixed-Reality Experiences, IEEE MultiMedia, v.12 n.2, p.12-19, April 2005
	Yong Rui , Anoop Gupta , Jonathan Grudin, Videography for telepresentations, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, April 05-10, 2003, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA
	Azam Khan , Ben Komalo , Jos Stam , George Fitzmaurice , Gordon Kurtenbach, HoverCam: interactive 3D navigation for proximal object inspection, Proceedings of the 2005 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games, April 03-06, 2005, Washington, District of Columbia
	Jonathan Dinerstein , Parris K. Egbert, Fast multi-level adaptation for interactive autonomous characters, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.24 n.2, p.262-288, April 2005
	Nicolas Burtnyk , Azam Khan , George Fitzmaurice , Gordon Kurtenbach, ShowMotion: camera motion based 3D design review, Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games, March 14-17, 2006, Redwood City, California
	Karan Singh , Ravin Balakrishnan, Visualizing 3D scenes using non-linear projections and data mining of previous camera movements, Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Computer graphics, virtual reality, visualisation and interaction in Africa, November 03-05, 2004, Stellenbosch, South Africa
	Jinhong Shen , Seiya Miyazaki , Terumasa Aoki , Hirhoshi Yasuda, A knowledge-based moviemaking approach, Proceedings of the 4th WSEAS International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Knowledge Engineering Data Bases, p.1-7, February 13-15, 2005, Salzburg, Austria
	Ana Cristina Bicharra Garcia , Carlos Eduardo Carretti , Inhaüma Neves Ferraz , Cristiana Bentes, Sharing design perspectives through storytelling, Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing, v.16 n.3, p.229-241, June 2002
	Dan Amerson , Shaun Kime , R. Michael Young, Real-time cinematic camera control for interactive narratives, Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGCHI International Conference on Advances in computer entertainment technology, p.369-369, June 15-17, 2005, Valencia, Spain
	Amav Jhala , William Bares , R. Michael Young, Towards an intelligent storyboarding tool for 3D games, Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGCHI International Conference on Advances in computer entertainment technology, p.367-368, June 15-17, 2005, Valencia, Spain
	Takehiko Nagakura , Panagiotis Chatzitsakyris, A synthetic moviemaker for spatial representation, ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Sketches, July 30-August 03, 2006, Boston, Massachusetts
	Z. Wang , M. van de Panne, Walk to here: a voice driven animation system, Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation, September 02-04, 2006, Vienna, Austria
	Feng Liu , Michael Gleicher, Video retargeting: automating pan and scan, Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia, October 23-27, 2006, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
	Roy Kalawsky , Graeme Simpkin, Automating the display of third person/stealth views of virtual environments, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, v.15 n.6, p.717-739, December 2006
	Rachel Heck , Michael Wallick , Michael Gleicher, Virtual videography, ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMCCAP), v.3 n.1, p.4-es, February 2007
	Michel-Ange Amorim , Ben Trumbore , Pema L. Chogyen, Cognitive Repositioning inside a Desktop VE: The Constraints Introduced by First-versus Third-Person Imagery and Mental Representation Richness, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, v.9 n.2, p.165-186, April 2000
	Mark O. Riedl , Jonathan P. Rowe , David K. Elson, Toward intelligent support of authoring machinima media content: story and visualization, Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on INtelligent TEchnologies for interactive enterTAINment, January 08-10, 2008, Cancun, Mexico
	Marco Fanciulli, Principles of entertainment in inhabited television, Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces, May 28-30, 2008, Napoli, Italy
	Fleming Lampi , Stephan Kopf , Manuel Benz , Wolfgang Effelsberg, An automatic cameraman in a lecture recording system, Proceedings of the international workshop on Educational multimedia and multimedia education, September 28-28, 2007, Augsburg, Bavaria, Germany
	George Fitzmaurice , Justin Matejka , Igor Mordatch , Azam Khan , Gordon Kurtenbach, Safe 3D navigation, Proceedings of the 2008 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games, February 15-17, 2008, Redwood City, California
	Kaveh Kardan , Henri Casanova, Virtual cinematography of group scenes using hierarchical lines of actions, Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGGRAPH symposium on Video games, August 09-10, 2008, Los Angeles, California
	Owen Bourne , Abdul Sattar , Scott Goodwin, A Constraint-Based Autonomous 3D Camera System, Constraints, v.13 n.1-2, p.180-205, June 2008
	Jackie Assa , Daniel Cohen-Or , I-Cheng Yeh , Tong-Yee Lee, Motion overview of human actions, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.27 n.5, December 2008
	Remi Ronfard , Gabriel Taubin, Introducing 3D Cinematography, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, v.27 n.3, p.18-20, May 2007
	Ogechi Nnadi , Ute Fischer , Michael Boyce , Michael Nitsche, Effect of dynamic camera control on spatial reasoning in 3D spaces, Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGGRAPH symposium on Video games, August 09-10, 2008, Los Angeles, California
	Bill Tomlinson , Man Lok Yau , Eric Baumer , Joel Ross , Andrew Correa , Gang Ji, Richly connected systems and multi-device worlds, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, v.18 n.1, p.54-71, February 2009
	Hyunju Shim , Bo Gyeong Kang, CAMEO - camera, audio and motion with emotion orchestration for immersive cinematography, Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology, December 03-05, 2008, Yokohama, Japan
	Michael Janzen , Michael Horsch , Eric Neufeld, Camera selection using SCSPs, Proceedings of the 2008 Conference on Future Play: Research, Play, Share, November 03-05, 2008, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
	Ke Colin Zheng , Alex Colburn , Aseem Agarwala , Maneesh Agrawala , David Salesin , Brian Curless , Michael F. Cohen, Parallax photography: creating 3D cinematic effects from stills, Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2009, May 25-27, 2009, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
	Hansung Kim , Ryuuki Sakamoto , Itaru Kitahara , Tomoji Toriyama , Kiyoshi Kogure, Toward cinematizing our daily lives, Multimedia Tools and Applications, v.44 n.1, p.87-110, August 2009
	Yvonne Jung , Johannes Behr, Towards a new camera model for X3D, Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on 3D Web Technology, June 16-17, 2009, Darmstadt, Germany
	Kaveh Kardan , Henri Casanova, Heuristics for continuity editing of cinematic computer graphics scenes, Proceedings of the 2009 ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Video Games, August 04-06, 2009, New Orleans, Louisiana