Attribute grammar paradigms—a high-level methodology in language implementation

ABSTRACT

Attribute grammars are a formalism for specifying programming languages. They have been applied to a great number of systems automatically producing language implementations from their specifications. The systems and their specification languages can be evaluated and classified according to their level of application support, linguistic characteristics, and degree of automation.A survey of attribute grammar-based specification languages is given. The modern advanced specification languages extend the core attribute grammar model with concepts and primitives from established programming paradigms. The main ideas behind the developed attribute grammar paradigms are discussed, and representative specification languages are presented with a common example grammar. The presentation is founded on mapping elements of attribute grammars to their counterparts in programming languages. This methodology of integrating two problem-solving disciplines together is explored with a classification of the paradigms into structured, modular, object-oriented, logic, and functional attribute grammars. The taxonomy is complemented by introducing approaches based on an implicit parallel or incremental attribute evaluation paradigm.

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• 149: Alan Keith Zaring, Parallel evaluation in attribute grammar-based systems, 1990

INDEX TERMS

Primary Classification:
  D. Software
  D.3 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

Additional Classification:
  D. Software
  D.3 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
      D.3.4 Processors
          Subjects: Compilers

  F. Theory of Computation
  F.4 MATHEMATICAL LOGIC AND FORMAL LANGUAGES

General Terms:
Design, Languages, Theory

Keywords:
attribute grammars, blocks, classes, compiler writing systems, functional dependencies, incomplete data, incrementality, inheritance, language processing, language processor generators, lazy evaluation, logical variables, objects, parallelism, processes, programming paradigms, semantic functions, symbol tables, unification