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From programming environments to environments for designing
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Communications of the ACM archive
Volume 38 ,  Issue 6  (June 1995) table of contents
Pages: 65 - 74  
Year of Publication: 1995
ISSN:0001-0782
Author
Terry Winograd  Stanford University Department of Computer Science, Stanford, CA
Publisher
ACM  New York, NY, USA
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Downloads (6 Weeks): 11,   Downloads (12 Months): 83,   Citation Count: 12
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ABSTRACT

Though there have been advances in end-user programming, complex applications still need professional developers. This inspired look at the future of creating complex software explores the shift from programming environments to design environments, discussing environments that help developers satisfy end-users' cognitive needs and help deal with contextual issues such as the aesthetic, practical, and social properties of the application and the users. A strong case is made that design environments will need to provide robust support for communication between developers and end users.


REFERENCES

Note: OCR errors may be found in this Reference List extracted from the full text article. ACM has opted to expose the complete List rather than only correct and linked references.

 
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Apple Computer. Human Interface Guidelines: The Apple Desktop Interface. Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass., 1987
 
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Brown, J. and Duguid, P. Borderline issues: Social and material aspects of design. Human-Computer Interaction 9, 1 (1994), 3-36.
 
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Holtzblatt, K., and Jones, M. Contextual inquiry: A participatory technique for system design. In D. Schuler and A. Namioka, Eds., Participatory Design: Principles and Practices. Erlbaum., NJ, 1993, 177-210.
 
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Lakoff, G., and Johnson, M. Metaphors We Live By. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1980.
 
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Moran, T. Introduction to the special issue on Context in Design. Human-Computer Interaction 9, 1 (1994), 1-2.
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Norman, D. Cognitive engineering. In D. Norman and S. Draper, Eds., User Centered System Design: New Perspectives on Human- Computer Interaction. Erlbaum, NJ, 1986, pp. 31-62.
 
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Norman, D. The Design of Everyday Things. Basic Books, 1988.
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Sch6n, D. The Reflective Practitioner. Basic Books, 1983.
 
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Schrage, M. The Culture(s) of Prototyping. Design Management J. 4, 1 (Winter 1993), 55-56.
 
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Winograd, T., Ed. Designing Software Interactions. Addison-Wesley, in press.

CITED BY  12


REVIEW

"Michael Lee Gordon : Reviewer"

The author describes the changing paradigm from programming environments to design environments. He asserts that we are entering a new appeal-driven stage of computer product development, in which software design that focuses on the user, not   more...