A behavioral notion of subtyping

Subscribe (Full Service)


	Search: The ACM Digital Library The Guide

	Feedback

A behavioral notion of subtyping

Full text

Pdf (2.05 MB)

Source

ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS) archive
Volume 16 , Issue 6 (November 1994) table of contents

Pages: 1811 - 1841

Year of Publication: 1994

ISSN:0164-0925

Authors

Barbara H. Liskov	Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
Jeannette M. Wing	Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA

Publisher

ACM New York, NY, USA

Bibliometrics

Downloads (6 Weeks): 18, Downloads (12 Months): 120, Citation Count: 119

Additional Information:

abstract references cited by index terms review collaborative colleagues

Tools and Actions:	Request Permissions Review this Article Save this Article to a Binder Display Formats: BibTeX EndNote ACM Ref

DOI Bookmark:	Use this link to bookmark this Article: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/197320.197383 What is a DOI?

ABSTRACT

The use of hierarchy is an important component of object-oriented design. Hierarchy allows the use of type families, in which higher level supertypes capture the behavior that all of their subtypes have in common. For this methodology to be effective, it is necessary to have a clear understanding of how subtypes and supertypes are related. This paper takes the position that the relationship should ensure that any property proved about supertype objects also holds for its subtype objects. It presents two ways of defining the subtype relation, each of which meets this criterion, and each of which is easy for programmers to use. The subtype relation is based on the specifications of the sub- and supertypes; the paper presents a way of specifying types that makes it convenient to define the subtype relation. The paper also discusses the ramifications of this notion of subtyping on the design of type families.

REFERENCES

Note: OCR errors may be found in this Reference List extracted from the full text article. ACM has opted to expose the complete List rather than only correct and linked references.

	1	Pierre America , Frank van der Linden, A parallel object-oriented language with inheritance and subtyping, ACM SIGPLAN Notices, v.25 n.10, p.161-168, Oct. 1990
	2	Pierre America, Designing an Object-Oriented Programming Language with Behavioural Subtyping, Proceedings of the REX School/Workshop on Foundations of Object-Oriented Languages, p.60-90, May 28-June 01, 1990
	3	Andrew Black , Norman Hutchinson , Eric Jul , Henry Levy , Larry Carter, Distributed and abstract types in Emerald, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, v.13 n.1, p.65-76, Jan. 1987 [doi>10.1109/TSE.1987.232836]
	4	Kim B. Bruce , Peter Wegner, An algebraic model of subtype and inheritance, Advances in database programming languages, ACM Press, New York, NY, 1990 [doi>10.1145/101620.101625]
	5	Luca Cardelli, A semantics of multiple inheritance, Information and Computation, v.76 n.2-3, p.138-164, February/March 1988 [doi>10.1016/0890-5401(88)90007-7]
	6	David A. Carrington , David J. Duke , Roger Duke , Paul King , Gordon A. Rose , Graeme Smith, Object-Z: An Object-Oriented Extension to Z, Proceedings of the IFIP TC/WG6.1 Second International Conference on Formal Description Techniques for Distributed Systems and Communication Protocols, p.281-296, December 05-08, 1989
	7	Elspeth Cusack, Inheritance in Object-Oriented Z, Proceedings of the European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, p.167-179, July 15-19, 1991
	8	Elspeth Cusack , Michael Lai, Object-Oriented Specification on LOTOS and Z, or My Cat Really is Object-Oriented!, Proceedings of the REX School/Workshop on Foundations of Object-Oriented Languages, p.179-202, May 28-June 01, 1990
	9	DAHL, O.-J., MYRHAUG, B., AND NVGAARD, K. 1970. SIMULA common base language. Technical Report 22, Norwegian Computing Center, Oslo, Norway.
	10	DHARA, I(. K. 1992. Subtyping among mutable types in object-oriented programming languages, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. l~iaster's Thesis.
	11	DHARA, K. K. AND LEAVENS, (J. T. 1992. Subtyping for mutable types in object-oriented programming languages. Technical Report 92-36 (Nov.), Department of Computer Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa.
	12	DUb:E, D. AND DUXE, R. 1990. A history model for classes in object-Z. In Proceedings of VDtlI '90: VDilI and Z. Springer-Verlag.
	13	S. J. Garland , J. V. Guttag, An overview of LP, the larch power, Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Rewriting Techniques and Applications, p.137-151, January 1989
	14	Joseph A. Goguen , José Meseguer, Unifying functional, object-oriented and relational programming with logical semantics, Research directions in object-oriented programming, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1987
	15	GUTTAG, J. V., HOaNING, ff J., AN~, W~NG, J. M. 1985. The Larch family of specification lansuases. IEEE ,~oftcc.a,'e ~, 5 (Sept), 2 t-36.
	16	HALBERT, D. C. AND O'BRIEN, P. m. 1987. Using types and inheritance in object-oriented programming. IEEE Software 4, 5 (Sept.), 71-79.
	17	Michael Hammer , Dennis Mc Leod, Database description with SDM: a semantic database model, ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS), v.6 n.3, p.351-386, Sept. 1981 [doi>10.1145/319587.319588]
	18	HOARE, C. 197"2. Proof of correctness of data representations. Acta Infor~zatzca 1, 1, 271-281.
	19	D. Kapur, TOWARDS A THEORY FOR ABSTRACT DATA TYPES, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 1980
	20	LEAVENS, G. 1989. Verifying object-oriented prograsm that use subtypes. Technical Report 439 (Feb.), MIT Laboratory for Computer Science. Ph.D. thesis.
	21	Gary T. Leavens, Modular Specification and Verification of Object-Oriented Programs, IEEE Software, v.8 n.4, p.72-80, July 1991 [doi>10.1109/52.300040]
	22	LEAVENS, G. T. AND DHARA, K. K. 1992. A foundation for the model theory of abstract data types with mutation and aliasing (preliminary version). Technical Report 92-35 (Nov.), Department of Computer Science, iowa State University, Ames, Iowa.
	23	Gary T. Leavens , William E. Weihl, Reasoning about object-oriented programs that use subtypes, Proceedings of the European conference on object-oriented programming on Object-oriented programming systems, languages, and applications, p.212-223, September 1990, Ottawa, Canada
	24	LIPECK, U. 1992. Semantics and usage of defaults in specifications. In Foundations of {nformatzon Systems Spec~ficahon and Design. Dagstuhl Seminar 9212 Report 35.
	25	LisKov, B. }992. Preliminary design of the Thor object-oriented database system. In Proc. of the Software Technology Conference. DARPA. Also Programming Methodology Group Memo 74, MIT Laboratory for Computer Science, Cambridge, MA, March 1992.
	26	B Liskov , E Moss , A Snyder , R Atkinson , J C. Schaffert , T Bloom , R Scheifler, CLU reference manual, Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., New York, NY, 1984
	27	Barbara Liskov, Abstraction and specification in program development, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1986
	28	Barbara Liskov , Jeannette M. Wing, Family Values: A Semantic Notion of Subtyping, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 1992
	29	D. Maier, Development and implementation of an object-oriented DBMS, Readings in object-oriented database systems, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., San Francisco, CA, 1989
	30	Bertrand Meyer, Object-oriented software construction (2nd ed.), Prentice-Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1997
	31	Carroll Morgan, Programming from specifications, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1990
	32	Greg Nelson, Systems programming with Modula-3, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1991
	33	Craig Schaffert , Topher Cooper , Bruce Bullis , Mike Kilian , Carrie Wilpolt, An introduction to Trellis/Owl, Conference proceedings on Object-oriented programming systems, languages and applications, p.9-16, September 29-October 02, 1986, Portland, Oregon, United States
	34	SCHEID. J. AND HOLTSBERG, S. 1992. Ina Jo specification language reference manual. Technical Report TM-6021/001/06 (June), Paramax Systems Corporation, A Unisys Company.
	35	Bjarne Stroustrup, The C++ programming language, Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc., Boston, MA, 1986
	36	Barry Mark Utting, An object-oriented refinement calculus with modular reasoning, 1992
	37	J. M. Wing, A TWO-TIERED APPROACH TO SPECIFYING PROGRAMS, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 1983

CITED BY 119

	Jonathan G. Rossie, Jr., Logical observable entities, ACM SIGPLAN Notices, v.33 n.10, p.154-165, Oct. 1998
	Raymie Stata , John V. Guttag, Modular reasoning in the presence of subclassing, ACM SIGPLAN Notices, v.30 n.10, p.200-214, Oct. 17, 1995
	André van der Hoek , Marija Mikic-Rakic , Roshanak Roshandel , Nenad Medvidovic, Taming architectural evolution, ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes, v.26 n.5, Sept. 2001
	Mark Day , Robert Gruber , Barbara Liskov , Andrew C. Myers, Subtypes vs. where clauses: constraining parametric polymorphism, ACM SIGPLAN Notices, v.30 n.10, p.156-168, Oct. 17, 1995
	Anindya Banerjee , David A. Naumann, Ownership confinement ensures representation independence for object-oriented programs, Journal of the ACM (JACM), v.52 n.6, p.894-960, November 2005
	Rémi Bastide , Philippe Palanque , Ousmane Sy , David Navarre, Formal specification of CORBA services: experience and lessons learned, ACM SIGPLAN Notices, v.35 n.10, p.105-117, Oct. 2000
	Amy Moormann Zaremski , Jeannette M. Wing, Specification matching of software components, ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM), v.6 n.4, p.333-369, Oct. 1997
	Daqing Hou, Supporting the deployment of object oriented frameworks, Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Software Engineering, p.791-792, May 12-19, 2001, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
	Amy Moormann Zaremski , Jeannette M. Wing, Specification matching of software components, ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes, v.20 n.4, p.6-17, Oct. 1995
	Robert Bruce Findler , Mario Latendresse , Matthias Felleisen, Behavioral contracts and behavioral subtyping, ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes, v.26 n.5, Sept. 2001
	Aamod Sane , Roy Campbell, Object-oriented state machines: subclassing, composition, delegation, and genericity, ACM SIGPLAN Notices, v.30 n.10, p.17-32, Oct. 17, 1995
	Carlo Ghezzi , Mattia Monga, Fostering component evolution with C# attributes, Proceedings of the International Workshop on Principles of Software Evolution, May 19-20, 2002, Orlando, Florida
	Krishna Kishore Dhara , Gary T. Leavens, Forcing behavioral subtyping through specification inheritance, Proceedings of the 18th international conference on Software engineering, p.258-267, March 25-29, 1996, Berlin, Germany
	Clyde Ruby , Gary T. Leavens, Safely creating correct subclasses without seeing superclass code, ACM SIGPLAN Notices, v.35 n.10, p.208-228, Oct. 2000
	Franz Puntigam , Christof Peter, Changeable interfaces and promised messages for concurrent components, Proceedings of the 1999 ACM symposium on Applied computing, p.141-145, February 28-March 02, 1999, San Antonio, Texas, United States
	Martin Büchi , Wolfgang Weck, Compound types for Java, ACM SIGPLAN Notices, v.33 n.10, p.362-373, Oct. 1998
	Robert Bruce Findler , Matthias Felleisen, Contract Soundness for object-oriented languages, ACM SIGPLAN Notices, v.36 n.11, p.1-15, 11/01/2001
	Nenad Medvidovic , David S. Rosenblum , Richard N. Taylor, A language and environment for architecture-based software development and evolution, Proceedings of the 21st international conference on Software engineering, p.44-53, May 16-22, 1999, Los Angeles, California, United States
	K. Rustan M. Leino, Data groups: specifying the modification of extended state, ACM SIGPLAN Notices, v.33 n.10, p.144-153, Oct. 1998
	O. P. Kiddle , A. J. Wellings, Extensible protected types, ACM SIGAda Ada Letters, v.XVIII n.6, p.229-239, Nov./Dec. 1998
	J. Leslie Keedy , Gisela Menger , Christian Heinlein, Support for subtyping and code re-use in Timor, Proceedings of the Fortieth International Conference on Tools Pacific: Objects for internet, mobile and embedded applications, February 01, 2002, Sydney, Australia
	Peter J. McCann , Satish Chandra, Packet types: abstract specification of network protocol messages, ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, v.30 n.4, p.321-333, October 2000
	A. J. Wellings , B. Johnson , B. Sanden , J. Kienzle , T. Wolf , S. Michell, Integrating object-oriented programming and protected objects in Ada 95, ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS), v.22 n.3, p.506-539, May 2000
	Neelam Soundarajan, Documenting framework behavior, ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), v.32 n.1es, March 2000
	Idit Keidar , Roger I. Khazan , Nancy Lynch , Alex Shvartsman, An inheritance-based technique for building simulation proofs incrementally, ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM), v.11 n.1, p.63-91, January 2002
	Paola Inverardi , Alexander L. Wolf , Daniel Yankelevich, Static checking of system behaviors using derived component assumptions, ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM), v.9 n.3, p.239-272, July 2000
	A. J. Wellings , B. Johnson , B. Sanden , J. Kienzle , T. Wolf , S. Michell, Integrating object-oriented programming and protected objects in Ada 95, ACM SIGAda Ada Letters, v.XXII n.2, p.11-44, June 2002
	Jim Q. Ning, ADE—an architecture design environment for component-based software engineering, Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Software engineering, p.614-615, May 17-23, 1997, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
	Francois Bronsard , Douglas Bryan , W. Kozaczynski , Edy S. Liongosari , Jim Q. Ning , Ásgeir Ólafsson , John W. Wetterstrand, Toward software plug-and-play, ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes, v.22 n.3, p.19-29, May 1997
	Sergey Butkevich , Marco Renedo , Gerald Baumgartner , Michal Young, Compiler and tool support for debugging object protocols, ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes, v.25 n.6, p.50-59, Nov. 2000
	Barbara H. Liskov , Jeannette M. Wing, Behavioural subtyping using invariants and constraints, Formal methods for distributed processing: a survey of object-oriented approaches, Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, 2001
	Anindya Banerjee , David A. Naumann, Representation independence, confinement and access control [extended abstract], ACM SIGPLAN Notices, v.37 n.1, p.166-177, Jan. 2002
	Stuart Kent, The unified modeling language, Formal methods for distributed processing: a survey of object-oriented approaches, Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, 2001
	Jadwiga Indulska, Subtyping in distributed systems, Formal methods for distributed processing: a survey of object-oriented approaches, Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, 2001
	Ralf H. Reussner, Automatic component protocol adaptation with the CoConut/J tool suite, Future Generation Computer Systems, v.19 n.5, p.627-639, July 2003
	Heike Wehrheim, Behavioral Subtyping Relations for Active Objects, Formal Methods in System Design, v.23 n.2, p.143-170, September 2003
	Martin P. Robillard , Gail C. Murphy, Static analysis to support the evolution of exception structure in object-oriented systems, ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM), v.12 n.2, p.191-221, April 2003
	Darko Marinov , Robert O'Callahan, Object equality profiling, ACM SIGPLAN Notices, v.38 n.11, November 2003
	Stephen H. Edwards, Representation Inheritance: A Safe Form of "White Box" Code Inheritance, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, v.23 n.2, p.83-92, February 1997
	Stephan Philippi, Life-cycle inheritance in concurrent object-oriented systems, Proceedings of the conference on Application and theory of petri nets: formal methods in software engineering and defence systems, p.37-45, June 01, 2002, Adelaide, Australia
	I. Nunes, Method redefinition: ensuring alternative behaviors, Information Processing Letters, v.92 n.6, p.279-285, 31 December 2004
	Nenad Medvidovic , Peyman Oreizy , Jason E. Robbins , Richard N. Taylor, Using object-oriented typing to support architectural design in the C2 style, ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes, v.21 n.6, p.24-32, Nov. 1996
	Gerhard Schellhorn, ASM Refinement and generalizations of forward simulation in data refinement: a comparison, Theoretical Computer Science, v.336 n.2-3, p.403-435, 26 May 2005
	Heike Wehrheim, Relating state-based and behaviour-oriented subtyping, Nordic Journal of Computing, v.9 n.4, p.405-435, Winter 2002
	Daqing Hou , H. James Hoover, Towards specifying constraints for object-oriented frameworks, Proceedings of the 2001 conference of the Centre for Advanced Studies on Collaborative research, p.5, November 05-07, 2001, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
	W. M. P. Van Der Aalst, Inheritance of Interorganizational Workflows: How to Agree to Disagree Without Loosing Control?, Information Technology and Management, v.4 n.4, p.345-389, October 2003
	Peter Schmitt , Isabel Tonin , Claus Wonnemann , Eric Jenn , Stéphane Leriche , James J. Hunt, A case study of specification and verification using JML in an avionics application, Proceedings of the 4th international workshop on Java technologies for real-time and embedded systems, October 11-13, 2006, Paris, France
	Didier Buchs , Nicolas Guelfi, A Formal Specification Framework for Object-Oriented Distributed Systems, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, v.26 n.7, p.635-652, July 2000
	David S. Goldberg , Robert Bruce Findler , Matthew Flatt, Super and inner: together at last!, ACM SIGPLAN Notices, v.39 n.10, October 2004
	Roshanak Roshandel , André Van Der Hoek , Marija Mikic-Rakic , Nenad Medvidovic, Mae---a system model and environment for managing architectural evolution, ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM), v.13 n.2, p.240-276, April 2004
	Matthew Parkinson , Gavin Bierman, Separation logic and abstraction, ACM SIGPLAN Notices, v.40 n.1, p.247-258, January 2005
	Uday S. Reddy, Objects and classes in Algol-like languages, Information and Computation, v.172 n.1, p.63-97, January 10, 2002
	Ana Cavalcanti , David A. Naumann, A Weakest Precondition Semantics for Refinement of Object-Oriented Programs, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, v.26 n.8, p.713-728, August 2000
	Lionel C. Briand , Yvan Labiche , Yihong Wang, An Investigation of Graph-Based Class Integration Test Order Strategies, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, v.29 n.7, p.594-607, July 2003
	David Harel , Orna Kupferman, On Object Systems and Behavioral Inheritance, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, v.28 n.9, p.889-903, September 2002
	Ernst-Rüdiger Olderog , Heike Wehrheim, Specification and (property) inheritance in CSP-OZ, Science of Computer Programming, v.55 n.1-3, p.227-257, March 2005
	Yoonsik Cheon , Gary T. Leavens, A contextual interpretation of undefinedness for runtime assertion checking, Proceedings of the sixth international symposium on Automated analysis-driven debugging, p.149-158, September 19-21, 2005, Monterey, California, USA
	Gregor Kiczales , Mira Mezini, Aspect-oriented programming and modular reasoning, Proceedings of the 27th international conference on Software engineering, May 15-21, 2005, St. Louis, MO, USA
	Kevin Bierhoff , Jonathan Aldrich, Lightweight object specification with typestates, ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes, v.30 n.5, September 2005
	Heike Wehrheim, Checking behavioural subtypes via refinement, Proceedings of the IFIP TC6/WG6.1 Fifth International Conference on Formal Methods for Open Object-Based Distributed Systems V, p.79-93, March 20-22, 2002
	Frantisek Plasil, Enhancing component specification by behavior description: the SOFA experience, Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Information and communication technologies, January 03-06, 2005, Cape Town, South Africa
	Iain Bate , Richard Hawkins , John McDermid, A contract-based approach to designing safe systems, Proceedings of the 8th Australian workshop on Safety critical systems and software, p.25-36, October 01, 2003, Canberra, Australia
	Tetsuo Kamina , Tetsuo Tamai, Selective method combination in mixin-based composition, Proceedings of the 2005 ACM symposium on Applied computing, March 13-17, 2005, Santa Fe, New Mexico
	Alan Donovan , Adam Kiežun , Matthew S. Tschantz , Michael D. Ernst, Converting java programs to use generic libraries, ACM SIGPLAN Notices, v.39 n.10, October 2004
	Nabil Hameurlain, Behavioural subtyping and property preservation for active objects, Proceedings of the IFIP TC6/WG6.1 Fifth International Conference on Formal Methods for Open Object-Based Distributed Systems V, p.95-110, March 20-22, 2002
	Stephen McCamant , Michael D. Ernst, Predicting problems caused by component upgrades, ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes, v.28 n.5, September 2003
	Gary T. Leavens , Yoonsik Cheon , Curtis Clifton , Clyde Ruby , David R. Cok, How the design of JML accommodates both runtime assertion checking and formal verification, Science of Computer Programming, v.55 n.1-3, p.185-208, March 2005
	Paul Young , Valdis Berzins , Jun Ge , Luqi, Using an object oriented model for resolving representational differences between heterogeneous systems, Proceedings of the 2002 ACM symposium on Applied computing, March 11-14, 2002, Madrid, Spain
	Jeannette M. Wing , John Ockerbloom, Respectful Type Converters, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, v.26 n.7, p.579-593, July 2000
	Farhad Arbab, Abstract behavior types: a foundation model for components and their composition, Science of Computer Programming, v.55 n.1-3, p.3-52, March 2005
	Edward A. Lee , Stephen Neuendorffer, Actor-oriented models for codesign: balancing re-use and performance, Formal methods and models for system design: a system level perspective, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, MA, 2004
	Xiang Yin, The echo approach to formal verification, Proceeding of the 28th international conference on Software engineering, May 20-28, 2006, Shanghai, China
	Cees Pierik , Frank S. de Boer, A proof outline logic for object-oriented programming, Theoretical Computer Science, v.343 n.3, p.413-442, 17 October 2005
	Heike Wehrheim, Slicing techniques for verification re-use, Theoretical Computer Science, v.343 n.3, p.509-528, 17 October 2005
	Lori A. Clarke , David S. Rosenblum, A historical perspective on runtime assertion checking in software development, ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes, v.31 n.3, May 2006
	Ronald Middelkoop , Cornelis Huizing , Ruurd Kuiper , Erik J. Luit, Invariants for Non-Hierarchical Object Structures, Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science (ENTCS), 195, p.211-229, January, 2008
	David Maley , Ivor Spence, Config: a case study in combining software engineering techniques, Scientific Programming, v.8 n.2, p.59-71, April 2000
	Franz Puntigam , Christof Peter, Types for Active Objects with Static Deadlock Prevention, Fundamenta Informaticae, v.48 n.4, p.315-341, December 2001
	Gary T. Leavens , Albert L. Baker , Clyde Ruby, Preliminary design of JML: a behavioral interface specification language for java, ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes, v.31 n.3, May 2006
	Il-Hyung Cho , John D. McGregor, A formal approach to specifying and testing the interoperation between components, Proceedings of the 38th annual on Southeast regional conference, April 07-08, 2000, Clemson, South Carolina
	Michael Schrefl , Markus Stumptner, Behavior-consistent specialization of object life cycles, ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM), v.11 n.1, p.92-148, January 2002
	Yu David Liu , Scott F. Smith, A formal framework for component deployment, ACM SIGPLAN Notices, v.41 n.10, October 2006
	Juri Memmert , Hridesh Rajan, Osiris: generating concern models from source code, ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes, v.31 n.6, November 2006
	Arnaud Bailly , Mireille Clerbout , Isabelle Simplot-Ryl, Component composition preserving behavioral contracts based on communication traces, Theoretical Computer Science, v.363 n.2, p.108-123, 28 October 2006
	Sreenivasa Viswanadha , Deepak Kapur, IBDL: a language for interface behavior specification and testing, Proceedings of the 4th conference on USENIX Conference on Object-Oriented Technologies and Systems (COOTS), p.17-17, April 27-30, 1998, Santa Fe, New Mexico
	Sreenivasa Rao Viswanadha , Sriram Sankar, Preliminary design of ADL/C++: a specification language for C++, Proceedings of the 2nd conference on USENIX Conference on Object-Oriented Technologies (COOTS), p.8-8, June 17-21, 1996, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
	Peter Müller , Arnd Poetzsch-Heffter , Gary T. Leavens, Modular invariants for layered object structures, Science of Computer Programming, v.62 n.3, p.253-286, 15 October 2006
	Ankit Goel , Sun Meng , Abhik Roychoudhury , P. S. Thiagarajan, Interacting process classes, Proceeding of the 28th international conference on Software engineering, May 20-28, 2006, Shanghai, China
	Einar Broch Johnsen , Olaf Owe , Ingrid Chieh Yu, Creol: a type-safe object-oriented model for distributed concurrent systems, Theoretical Computer Science, v.365 n.1, p.23-66, 10 November 2006
	Bart George , Régis Fleurquin , Salah Sadou, A Methodological Approach to Choose Components in Development and Evolution Processes, Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science (ENTCS), 166, p.27-46, January, 2007
	Wei-Ngan Chin , Cristina David , Huu Hai Nguyen , Shengchao Qin, Enhancing modular OO verification with separation logic, ACM SIGPLAN Notices, v.43 n.1, January 2008
	Wesley Coelho , Gail Murphy, ClassCompass: A software design mentoring system, Journal on Educational Resources in Computing (JERIC), v.7 n.1, p.2-es, March 2007
	Thomas Kuehne , Daniel Schreiber, Can programming be liberated from the two-level style: multi-level programming with deepjava, ACM SIGPLAN Notices, v.42 n.10, October 2007
	Claudio Bettini , Sushil Jajodia , X. Sean Wang , Duminda Wijesekera, Provisions and obligations in policy management and security applications, Proceedings of the 28th international conference on Very Large Data Bases, p.502-513, August 20-23, 2002, Hong Kong, China
	R. Banach , M. Poppleton , C. Jeske , S. Stepney, Engineering and theoretical underpinnings of retrenchment, Science of Computer Programming, v.67 n.2-3, p.301-329, July, 2007
	Heinz Schmidt , Iman Poernomo , Ralf Reussner, Trust-By-Contract: Modelling, Analysing And Predicting Behaviour Of Software Architectures, Journal of Integrated Design & Process Science, v.5 n.3, p.25-51, August 2001
	Gary T. Leavens , Peter Muller, Information Hiding and Visibility in Interface Specifications, Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Software Engineering, p.385-395, May 20-26, 2007
	Neelam Soundarajan , Jason O. Hallstrom, Responsibilities and Rewards: Specifying Design Patterns, Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Software Engineering, p.666-675, May 23-28, 2004
	Bernd Fischer, Specification-Based Browsing of Software Component Libraries, Automated Software Engineering, v.7 n.2, p.179-200, May 2000
	L. S. B. Raccoon , Puppydog P. O. P., A middle-out concept of hierarchy (or the problem of feeding the animals), ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes, v.23 n.3, p.111-119, May 1998
	Martin Büchi , Emil Sekerinski, A Foundation for Refining Concurrent Objects, Fundamenta Informaticae, v.44 n.1-2, p.25-61, January 2000
	Daqing Hou , H. James Hoover, Towards Specifying Constraints for Object-Oriented Frameworks, Information Systems Frontiers, v.4 n.4, p.393-407, December 2002
	Rodrigo Ramos , Augusto Sampaio , Alexandre Mota, Framework composition conformance via refinement checking, Proceedings of the 2008 ACM symposium on Applied computing, March 16-20, 2008, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
	Crosscutting invariant and an efficient checking algorithm using program slicing, ACM SIGPLAN Notices, v.43 n.2, p.12-20, February 2008
	Jim Davies , David Faitelson , James Welch, Domain-specific Semantics and Data Refinement of Object Models, Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science (ENTCS), 195, p.151-170, January, 2008
	Chenguang Luo , Shengchao Qin, Separation Logic for Multiple Inheritance, Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science (ENTCS), 212, p.27-40, April, 2008
	Thomas Santen, Preservation of probabilistic information flow under refinement, Information and Computation, v.206 n.2-4, p.213-249, February, 2008
	Kevin Bierhoff , Jonathan Aldrich, Modular typestate checking of aliased objects, ACM SIGPLAN Notices, v.42 n.10, October 2007
	Steve M. Shaner , Gary T. Leavens , David A. Naumann, Modular verification of higher-order methods with mandatory calls specified by model programs, ACM SIGPLAN Notices, v.42 n.10, October 2007
	Matthew J. Parkinson , Gavin M. Bierman, Separation logic, abstraction and inheritance, ACM SIGPLAN Notices, v.43 n.1, January 2008
	Natenapa Sriharee , Twittie Senivongse, Matchmaking and ranking of semantic web services using integrated service profile, International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, v.1 n.2, p.100-118, October 2006
	Sagar Chaki , Edmund Clarke , Natasha Sharygina , Nishant Sinha, Verification of evolving software via component substitutability analysis, Formal Methods in System Design, v.32 n.3, p.235-266, June 2008
	Chandan R. Rupakheti , Daqing Hou, An empirical study of the design and implementation of object equality in Java, Proceedings of the 2008 conference of the center for advanced studies on collaborative research: meeting of minds, October 27-30, 2008, Ontario, Canada
	Don Batory, Using modern mathematics as an FOSD modeling language, Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Generative programming and component engineering, October 19-23, 2008, Nashville, TN, USA
	Dino Distefano , Matthew J. Parkinson J, jStar: towards practical verification for java, ACM SIGPLAN Notices, v.43 n.10, September 2008
	David Briggs , Suad Alagić, Algebraic specification techniques for parametric types with logic-based constraints, Proceedings of the 2009 ACM symposium on Applied Computing, March 08-12, 2009, Honolulu, Hawaii
	W. Keith Edwards , Mark W. Newman , Jana Z. Sedivy , Trevor F. Smith, Experiences with recombinant computing: Exploring ad hoc interoperability in evolving digital networks, ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI), v.16 n.1, p.1-44, April 2009
	Sudheendra Hangal , Monica S. Lam, Automatic dimension inference and checking for object-oriented programs, Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE 31st International Conference on Software Engineering, p.155-165, May 16-24, 2009
	Ankit Goel , Abhik Roychoudhury , P. S. Thiagarajan, Interacting process classes, ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM), v.18 n.4, p.1-47, July 2009

INDEX TERMS

Primary Classification:
D. Software
D.2 SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
D.2.1 Requirements/Specifications
Subjects: Methodologies (e.g., object-oriented, structured)

General Terms:
Languages, Verification

Keywords:
Larch, formal specifications, subtyping

REVIEW

"Tsun-Him Tse : Reviewer"

Subtyping, also known informally as inheritance, is an important notion in object-oriented programming, but may lead to unexpected problems if not handled properly. In order to ensure that intrinsic properties are preserved during the process more...

Collaborative Colleagues:

Barbara H. Liskov: colleagues

Jeannette M. Wing: colleagues

Adobe Acrobat

QuickTime

Windows Media Player

Real Player