|
ABSTRACT
At the heart of most computer systems is a file system. The file system contains user data, executable programs, configuration and authorization information, and (usually) the base executable version of the operating system itself. The ability to monitor file systems for unauthorized or unexpected changes gives system administrators valuable data for protecting and maintaining their systems. However, in environments of many networked heterogeneous platforms with different policies and software, the task of monitoring changes becomes quite daunting.Tripwire is tool that aids UNIX system administrators and users in monitoring a designated set of files and directories for any changes. Used with system files on a regular (e.g., daily) basis, Tripwire can notify system administrators of corrupted or altered files, so corrective actions may be taken in a timely manner. Tripwire may also be used on user or group files or databases to signal changes.This paper describes the design and implementation of the Tripwire tool. It uses interchangeable “signature” (usually, message digest) routines to identify changes in files, and is highly configurable. Tripwire is no-cost software, available on the Internet, and is currently in use on thousands of machines around the world.
REFERENCES
Note: OCR errors may be found in this Reference List extracted from the full text article. ACM has opted to expose the complete List rather than only correct and linked references.
| |
1
|
|
| |
2
|
Vesselin Bontchev. Possible virus attacks against integrity programs and how to prevent them. Technical report, Virus Test Center, University of Hamburg, 1993.
|
| |
3
|
|
| |
4
|
|
| |
5
|
Edward DeHart, editor. Proceedings of lhe Securily IV Conference, Berkeley, CA, 1993. USENIX Association.
|
| |
6
|
Data encryption standard. National Bureau of Standards FIPS, 1977.
|
| |
7
|
Paul Fahn. Answers to frequently asked questions about today's cryptography. Technical Report Version 1.0 draft le, RSA Laboratorics, 1992.
|
| |
8
|
Daniel Farmer and Eugene H. Spafford. The COPS security checker system. In Proceedings of the Summer Conference, pages 165-190, Berkely, CA, 1990. Usenix Association.
|
| |
9
|
|
| |
10
|
Chuck Gilmore. README file for PROVECRC.EXE. README file with program, 1991.
|
| |
11
|
Brian W. Kernighan and Dennis M. Ritchie. The 1977.
|
| |
12
|
|
| |
13
|
Gene H. Kim and.Eugene H. Spafford. Experiences with tripwire: Using integrity checkers for intrusion detection. In Systems Administration, Networking and Security Conference IIl. Usenix, April 1994.
|
| |
14
|
Gene H. Kim and Eugene H. Spafford. Writing, supporting, and evaluating tripwire: A publically available security tool. In Proceedings of the Usenix Applications Development Symposium, Berkeley, CA, 1994. Usenix.
|
| |
15
|
Scott Leadly, Kenneth Rich, and Mark Sirota. Hobgoblin: A File and Directory A udilor. University Computing Center, University of Rochester, 1991.
|
| |
16
|
|
| |
17
|
W. T. Polk and L. E. Bassham. A guide to the selection of anti-virus tools and techniques. National Institute of Standards and Technology report, December 1992.
|
| |
18
|
Yisrael Radai. Checksumming techniques for anti-viral proposed. In Edward Wilding, editor, Virus Bulletin Conference Proceedings. Virus Bulletin, Ltd., September 1991.
|
| |
19
|
Robert B. Reinhardt. An architectural overview of UNIX network security. Technical report, ARINC Research Corportation, February 1993.
|
| |
20
|
|
| |
21
|
R. L. Rivest. RFC 1321: The rod5 message-digest algorithm. Technical report, Internet Activities Board, April 1992.
|
| |
22
|
David R. Safford, Douglas Lee Schales, and David K. Hess. The TAMU security package: An ongoing response to internet intruders in an academic environment. In DeHart {5}, pages 91-118.
|
| |
23
|
Bruce Schneier. Applied Cryptography. John Wilcy& Sons, Inc, 1993.
|
| |
24
|
|
| |
25
|
Cliff Stoll. The Cuckoo's Egg. Simon & Schuster, Inc., New York, 1990.
|
| |
26
|
Sun Microsystems, Inc. System and Network Administration, 1990. Part number 800-3805-10.
|
| |
27
|
Steve Talbott. Managing Projects with make. O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1991.
|
| |
28
|
David Vincenzetti and Massimo Cotrozzi. ATP anti tampering program. In DeHart {5}, pages 79-90.
|
| |
29
|
|
CITED BY 37
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Michael Atighetchi , Partha Pal , Franklin Webber , Richard Schantz , Christopher Jones , Joseph Loyall, Adaptive Cyberdefense for Survival and Intrusion Tolerance, IEEE Internet Computing, v.8 n.6, p.25-33, November 2004
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vishal Kher , Yongdae Kim, Securing distributed storage: challenges, techniques, and systems, Proceedings of the 2005 ACM workshop on Storage security and survivability, November 11-11, 2005, Fairfax, VA, USA
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Christopher R. Lumb , Jiri Schindler , Gregory R. Ganger , David F. Nagle , Erik Riedel, Towards higher disk head utilization: extracting free bandwidth from busy disk drives, Proceedings of the 4th conference on Symposium on Operating System Design & Implementation, p.7-7, October 22-25, 2000, San Diego, California
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adam G. Pennington , John D. Strunk , John Linwood Griffin , Craig A. N. Soules , Garth R. Goodson , Gregory R. Ganger, Storage-based intrusion detection: watching storage activity for suspicious behavior, Proceedings of the 12th conference on USENIX Security Symposium, p.10-10, August 04-08, 2003, Washington, DC
|
|
|
Nick L. Petroni, Jr. , Timothy Fraser , Jesus Molina , William A. Arbaugh, Copilot - a coprocessor-based kernel runtime integrity monitor, Proceedings of the 13th conference on USENIX Security Symposium, p.13-13, August 09-13, 2004, San Diego, CA
|
|
|
John D. Strunk , Garth R. Goodson , Michael L. Scheinholtz , Craig A. N. Soules , Gregory R. Ganger, Self-securing storage: protecting data in compromised system, Proceedings of the 4th conference on Symposium on Operating System Design & Implementation, p.12-12, October 22-25, 2000, San Diego, California
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Charles Reis , Steven D. Gribble , Tadayoshi Kohno , Nicholas C. Weaver, Detecting in-flight page changes with web tripwires, Proceedings of the 5th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation, p.31-44, April 16-18, 2008, San Francisco, California
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|