Mining web interactions to automatically create mash-ups

ABSTRACT

The deep web contains an order of magnitude more information than the surface web, but that information is hidden behind the web forms of a large number of web sites. Metasearch engines can help users explore this information by aggregating results from multiple resources, but previously these could only be created and maintained by programmers. In this paper, we explore the automatic creation of metasearch mash-ups by mining the web interactions of multiple web users to find relations between query forms on different web sites. We also present an implemented system called TX2 that uses those connections to search multiple deep web resources simultaneously and integrate the results in context in a single results page. TX2 illustrates the promise of constructing mash-ups automatically and the potential of mining web interactions to explore deep web resources.

REFERENCES

• 1: Adar, E., Teevan, J., and Dumais, S. Large scale analysis of web revisitation patterns. In Proc. of the SIGCHI Conf. on Human factors in Comp. Sys. (CHI '09). Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 2009.
• 2: Bigham, J., Cavender, A.C., Kaminsky, R.S., Prince, C.M., and Robison, T.S. Transcendence: Enabling a personal view of the deep web. In Proc. of the 13th Intl. Conf. on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI '08). Gran Canaria, Spain, 2008.
• 3: Bolin, M., Webber, M., Rha, P., Wilson, T., and Miller, R.C. Automation and customization of rendered web pages. In Proc. of the 18th ACM Symp. on User Interface Soft. and Tech. (UIST '05). Seattle, WA, USA, 2005, 163--172.
• 4: Chang, K. C.-C. and He, B. Toward large scale integration: Building a metaquerier over databases on the web. In Proc. of the 2nd Conf. on Innovative Data Sys. Research. 2005.
• 5: Doan, A., Domingos, P., and Halevy, A.Y. Reconciling schemas of disparate data sources: a machine-learning approach. In Proc. of the 2001 ACM SIGMOD Intl. Conf. on Management of data (SIGMOD '01). 2001, 509--520.
• 6: Dontcheva, M., Drucker, S.M., Wade, G., Salesin, D., and Cohen, M.F. Summarizing personal web browsing sessions. In Proc. of the 19th ACM Symp. on User Interface Soft. and Tech. (UIST '06). New York, NY, USA, 2006, 115--124.
• 7: Faaborg, A. and Lieberman, H. A goal-oriented web browser. In Proc. of the SIGCHI Conf. on Human Factors in Comp. Sys. (CHI '06). Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 2006, 751--760.
• 8: Fujima, J., Lunzer, A., Hornbk, K., and Tanaka, Y. Clip, connect, clone: combining application elements to build custom Interfaces for information access. In Proc. of the 17th ACM Symp. on User Interface Soft. and Tech. (UIST '04). ACM Press, New York, NY, USA, 2004, 175--184.
• 9: Hartmann, B., Wu, L., Collins, K., and Klemmer, S. Programming by a sample: Rapidly prototyping web applications with d.mix. In Proc. of the 20th Symp. on User Interface Soft. and Tech. (UIST '07). Newport, RI, USA, 2007.
• 10: Huynh, D.F., Miller, R.C., and Karger, D. Enabling web browsers to augment web sites' filtering and sorting functionalities. In Proc. of the 19th ACM Symp. on User Interface Soft. and Tech. (UIST '06). ACM Press, New York, NY, USA, 2006, 125--134.
• 11: Jung, H., Allen, J., Chambers, N., Galescu, L., Swift, M., and Taysom,W. One-shot procedure learning from instruction and observation. In Proc. of the Intl. FLAIRS Conf.: Special Track on Natural Language and Knowledge Representation.
• 12: Lin, J., Wong, J., Nichols, J., Cypher, A., and Lau, T.A. Enduser programming of mashups with vegemite. In Proc. of the 13th Intl. Conf. on Intelligent user Interfaces (IUI '09). Sanibel Island, Florida, USA, 2009, 97--106.
• 13: Little, G., Lau, T., Cypher, A., Lin, J., Haber, E.M., and Kandogan, E. Koala: capture, share, automate, personalize business processes on the web. In Proc. of the SIGCHI Conf. on Human factors in Comp. Sys. (CHI 2007). 2007, 943--946.
• 14: Madhavan, J., Halevy, A., Cohen, S., Dong, X., Jeffrey, S.R., Ko, D., and Yu, C. Structured data meets the web: A few observations. IEEE Computer Society: Bulletin of the Technical Committee on Data Engineering, 31, 4 (2006), 10--18.
• 15: Miller, R.C. and Myers, B. Creating dynamic world wide web pages by demonstration (1997).
• 16: Mukherjee, S., Yang, G., Tan, W., and Ramakrishnan, I. Automatic discovery of semantic structures in html documents. In Proc. of the Intl. Conf. on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR '03). 2003.
• 17: Piggy bank. http://simile.mit.edu/piggy-bank/. Accessed April 2009.
• 18: Pilgrim, M., ed. Greasemonkey Hacks: Tips & Tools for Remixing the Web with Firefox. O'Reilly Media, 2005.
• 19: Raghavan, S. and Garcia-Molina, H. Crawling the hidden web. In Proc. of the Twenty-seventh Intl. Conf. on Very Large Databases (VLDB '01). 2001.
• 20: Selberg, E. and Etzioni, O. Multi-service search and comparison using the metacrawler. In Proc. of the 4th Intl. World Wide Web Conf. Darmstadt, Germany, 1995.
• 21: Solvent. http://simile.mit.edu/solvent. Accessed April 2009.
• 22: Toomim, M., Drucker, S.M., Dontcheva, M., Rahimi, A., Thomson, B., and Landay, J.A. Attaching UI enhancements to websites with end users. In Proc. of the ACM Conf. on Human Factors in Comp. Sys. (CHI 2009). Boston, MA, USA, 2009.
• 23: Wong, J. and Hong, J.I. Making mashups with marmite: towards end-user programming for the web. In Proc. of the SIGCHI Conf. on Human factors in Comp. Sys. (CHI '07). San Jose, CA, USA, 2007, 1435--1444.
• 24: Yahoo! pipes. Yahoo! Inc.. http://pipes.yahoo.com/. Accessed February 2009.

INDEX TERMS

Primary Classification:
  H. Information Systems
  H.5 INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION (I.7)
      H.5.2 User Interfaces (D.2.2, H.1.2, I.3.6)

General Terms:
Algorithms, Design, Human Factors

Keywords:
deep web, mash-ups, meta-search, programming-by-example, web forms