|
ABSTRACT
An inadequately designed display viewed in the dark can easily cause dazzling glare and affect our night vision. In this paper we test a display design in which the spectral light emission is selected to reduce the impact of the display on night vision performance while at the same time ensuring good display legibility. We use long-wavelength light (red) that is easily visible to daylight vision photoreceptors (cones) but almost invisible to night vision photoreceptors (rods). We verify rod-cone separation in a psychophysical experiment, in which we measure contrast detection in the presence of a colored source of glare. In a separate user study we measure the range of display brightness settings that provide good legibility and are not distracting under low ambient lighting. Our results can serve as a guidelines for designing the displays that change their color scheme at low ambient light levels.
REFERENCES
Note: OCR errors may be found in this Reference List extracted from the full text article. ACM has opted to expose the complete List rather than only correct and linked references.
| |
1
|
Abileah, A., 1993. Night vision goggle compatible liquid crystal display device, Nov. 16. US Patent 5,262,880.
|
| |
2
|
Brainard, D. H. 1997. The psychophysics toolbox. Spatial Vision 10, 433--436.
|
| |
3
|
Chang, N., Choi, I., and Shim, H. 2004. DLS: dynamic backlight luminance scaling of liquid crystal display. Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, IEEE Transactions on 12, 8, 837--846.
|
| |
4
|
Eloholma, M., and Halonen, L. 2005. Performance based model for mesopic photometry. Tech. rep., Helsinki University of Technology, Lighting Laboratory.
|
| |
5
|
Fekete, J., Sik-Lanyi, C., and Schanda, J. 2006. Spectral discomfort glare sensitivity under low photopic conditions. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 26, 3, 313--317.
|
| |
6
|
Flannagan, M. 2007. Vision in night driving: The roles of rod and cone photoreceptors. In Proc. of 4th International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training, and Vehicle Design.
|
| |
7
|
Hess, R., Sharpe, L., and Nordby, K. 1990. Night Vision: Basic, Clinical and Applied Aspects. Cambridge University Press.
|
| |
8
|
Iranli, A., Lee, W., and Pedram, M. 2006. Backlight dimming in power-aware mobile displays. In Proceedings of the 43rd annual conference on Design automation, ACM New York, NY, USA, 604--607.
|
| |
9
|
Kerofsky, L., and Daly, S. 2007. Brightness Preservation for LCD Backlight Dimming. Sharp Technical Journal, 95, 50--57.
|
| |
10
|
Okabayashi, S., Miura, H., Sugie, N., and Hatada, T. 2006. Driver's perception of images in automotive multicolor display system. In Proc. of IEEE Industry Applications Conf., 41st IAS Annual Meeting, vol. 2.
|
| |
11
|
Schratz, P. R. 2000. Submarine Commander: A Story of World War II and Korea. University Press of Kentucky.
|
| |
12
|
Spenkelink, G., and Besuijen, K. 1994. Brightness: Highest luminance or background luminance. WWDU94. Book of short papers. Institute of Occupational Health, University of Milan, Milano 2.
|
| |
13
|
Steen, R., Whitaker, D., Elliott, D., and Wild, J. 1993. Effect of filters on disability glare. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 13, 4, 371--376.
|
| |
14
|
Stockman, A., and Sharpe, L. 2000. The spectral sensitivities of the middle-and long-wavelength-sensitive cones derived from measurements in observers of known genotype. Vision Research 40, 13, 1711--1737.
|
| |
15
|
Stringham, J., Fuld, K., and Wenzel, A. 2003. Action spectrum for photophobia. Journal of the Optical Society of America A 20, 10, 1852--1858.
|
| |
16
|
van den Berg, T., IJspeert, J., and de Waard, P. 1991. Dependence of intraocular straylight on pigmentation and light transmission through the ocular wall. Vision Res 31, 7--8, 1361--7.
|
| |
17
|
Vos, J., and van den Berg, T. 1999. Report on disability glare. CIE Research Note 135, 1.
|
| |
18
|
Vos, J. 2003. Reflections on glare. Lighting Research & Technology 35, 2, 163.
|
| |
19
|
Whitaker, D., Steen, R., and Elliott, D. 1993. Light scatter in the normal young, elderly, and cataractous eye demonstrates little wavelength dependency. Optometry and Vision Science 70, 11, 963--968.
|
| |
20
|
Wyszecki, G., and Stiles, W. 1982. Color Science: Concepts and Methods, Quantitative Data and Formulae.
|
|