Annotations with EARMARK for arbitrary, overlapping and out-of order markup

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Annotations with EARMARK for arbitrary, overlapping and out-of order markup

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Document Engineering archive
Proceedings of the 9th ACM symposium on Document engineering table of contents

Munich, Germany

SESSION: Modeling documents table of contents

Pages 171-180

Year of Publication: 2009

ISBN:978-1-60558-575-8

Authors

Silvio Peroni	University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Fabio Vitali	University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

Sponsors

SIGDOC: ACM Special Interest Group for Design of Communications
SIGWEB: ACM Special Interest Group on Hypertext, Hypermedia, and Web
ACM: Association for Computing Machinery

Publisher

ACM New York, NY, USA

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ABSTRACT

In this paper we propose a novel approach to markup, called Extreme Annotational RDF Markup (EARMARK), using RDF and OWL to annotate features in text content that cannot be mapped with usual markup languages. EARMARK provides a unifying framework to handle tree-based XML features as well as more complex markup for non-XML scenarios such as overlapping elements, repeated and non-contiguous ranges and structured attributes. EARMARK includes and expands the principles of XML markup, RDFa inline annotations and existing approaches to overlapping markup such as LMNL and TexMecs. EARMARK documents can also be linearized into plain XML by choosing any of a number of strategies to express a tree-based subset of the annotations as an XML structure and fitting in the remaining annotations through a number of "tricks", markup expedients for hierarchical linearization of non-hierarchical features. EARMARK provides a solid platform for providing vocabulary-independent declarative support to advanced document features such as transclusion, overlapping and out-of-order annotations within a conceptually insensitive environment such as XML, and does so by exploiting recent semantic web concepts and languages.

REFERENCES

Note: OCR errors may be found in this Reference List extracted from the full text article. ACM has opted to expose the complete List rather than only correct and linked references.

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