|
ABSTRACT
A number of representation schemes have been presented for use within Learning Classifier Systems, ranging from binary encodings to neural networks. This paper presents results from an investigation into using a discrete dynamical system representation within the XCS Learning Classifier System. In particular, asynchronous random Boolean networks are used to represent the traditional condition-action production system rules. It is shown possible to use self-adaptive, open-ended evolution to design an ensemble of such discrete dynamical systems within XCS to solve a number of well-known test problems.
REFERENCES
Note: OCR errors may be found in this Reference List extracted from the full text article. ACM has opted to expose the complete List rather than only correct and linked references.
| |
1
|
Ahluwalia, M. and Bull, L. (1999) A Genetic Programming Classifier System. In W. Banzhaf et al. (Eds) Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference -- GECCO-99. Morgan Kaufmann, pp11--18.
|
| |
2
|
Andre, D., Koza, J. R., Bennett, F. H. and Keane, M. (1999) Genetic Programming III. MIT Press.
|
| |
3
|
|
| |
4
|
|
| |
5
|
Bull, L., Hurst, J. and Tomlinson, A. (2000) Self-Adaptive Mutation in Classifier System Controllers. In J-A. Meyer et al. (Eds) From Animals to Animats 6. MIT Press, pp460--468.
|
| |
6
|
Bull, L. and Hurst, J. (2003) A Neural Learning Classifier System with Self-Adaptive Constructivism. In IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation. IEEE Press. Vol.2, pp991-- 997.
|
| |
7
|
|
| |
8
|
|
| |
9
|
Di Paolo, E. A. (2001) Rhythmic and Non-rhythmic Attractors in Asynchronous Random Boolean Networks. Biosystems, 59(3):185--195
|
| |
10
|
Ferreira, C. (2006) Gene Expression Programming. Springer.
|
| |
11
|
Fogel, L. J., Owens, A.J. and Walsh, M. J. (1965) Artificial Intelligence Through A Simulation of Evolution. In M. Maxfield, A. Callahan and L. J. Fogel (Eds) Biophysics and Cybernetic Systems: Proceedings of the 2nd Cybernetic Sciences Symposium. Spartan Books, pp131--155.
|
| |
12
|
|
| |
13
|
Harvey, I. and Bossomaier, T. (1997) Time out of Joint: Attractors in Asynchronous Random Boolean Networks. In P. Husbands and I. Harvey (Eds) Proceedings of the Fourth European Artificial Life Conference. MIT Press, pp67--75.
|
| |
14
|
|
| |
15
|
Holland, J. H. (1976) Adaptation. In R. Rosen and F. M. Snell (Eds) Progress in Theoretical Biology 4. Plenum, pp263--293.
|
 |
16
|
|
| |
17
|
Ingerson, T and Buvel, R. (1984) Structure in Asynchronous Cellular Automata. Physica D 10 (1-2): 59--68.
|
| |
18
|
Kauffman, S. A. (1993) The Origins of Order: Self-Organization and Selection in Evolution. Oxford.
|
| |
19
|
|
| |
20
|
Lanzi, P-L and Perrucci, A. (1999) Extending the Representation of Classifier Conditions Part II: From Messy Coding to S-Expressions. In W. Banzhaf, J. Daida, A.E. Eiben, M.H. Garzon, V. Honavar, M. Jakiela and R. E. Smith (Eds) Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference -- GECCO--99. Morgan Kaufmann, pp345--352.
|
| |
21
|
|
| |
22
|
Mesot, B. and Teuscher, C. (2005) Deducing Local Rules for Solving Global Tasks with Random Boolean Networks. Physica D 211(1-2):88--106.
|
| |
23
|
Miller, J. (1999) An Empirical Study of the Efficiency of Learning Boolean Functions using a Cartesian Genetic Programming Approach. In W. Banzhaf, J. Daida, A.E. Eiben, M.H. Garzon, V. Honavar, M. Jakiela and R.E. Smith (Eds) Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference -- GECCO--99. Morgan Kaufmann, pp1135--1142.
|
| |
24
|
Mitchell, M., Hraber P. and Crutchfield J. (1993) Revisiting the Edge of Chaos: Evolving Cellular Automata to Perform Computations. Complex Systems 7: 83--130.
|
| |
25
|
Packard, N. (1988) Adaptation Toward the Edge of Chaos. In J. Kelso, A. Mandell and M. Shlesinger (Eds) Dynamic Patterns in Complex Systems. World Scientific, pp293--301.
|
| |
26
|
|
 |
27
|
|
| |
28
|
|
| |
29
|
|
| |
30
|
Teller, A. and Veloso, M. (1996) Neural Programming and an Internal Reinforcement Policy. In J. R. Koza (Ed) Late Breaking Papers at the Genetic Programming 1996 Conference, Stanford University, pp186--192.
|
| |
31
|
Valenzuela-Rendon, M. (1991) The Fuzzy Classifier System: a Classifier System for Continuously Varying Variables. In L. Booker and R. Belew (Eds) Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Genetic Algorithms. Morgan Kaufmann, pp346--353.
|
| |
32
|
|
| |
33
|
|
| |
34
|
|
| |
35
|
|
| |
36
|
Stewart W. Wilson, Classifier Conditions Using Gene Expression Programming, Learning Classifier Systems: 10th International Workshop, IWLCS 2006, Seattle, MA, USA, July 8, 2006 and 11th International Workshop, IWLCS 2007, London, UK, July 8, 2007, Revised Selected Papers, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2008
[doi> 10.1007/978-3-540-88138-4_12]
|
| |
37
|
Wuensche, A. (2004) Basins of attraction in network dynamics: A conceptual framework for biomolecular networks. In Modularity in Development and Evolution (Eds.). G. Schlosser and G. P. Wagner. Chicago, University Press, pp288--311
|
|