NLP-based extraction of modificatory provisions semantics

ABSTRACT

In this paper we illustrare a research based on NLP techniques aimed at automatically annotate modificatory provisions. We propose an approach which pairs deep syntactic parsing with rule-based shallow semantic analysis relying on a fine-grained taxonomy of modificatory provisions. The implemented system is evaluated on a large dataset hand-crafted by legal experts; the results are discussed and future directions of the research outlined.

REFERENCES

• 1: AIPA. Formato per la rappresentazione elettronica dei provvedimenti normativi tramite il linguaggio di marcatura XML. Circolare n. AIPA/CR/40, 22 aprile 2002.
• 2: D. E. Appelt and D. J. Israel. Introduction to information extraction technology. Tutorial at IJCAI-99, 1999.
• 3: Timothy Arnold-Moore, Automatic generation of amendment legislation, Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, p.56-62, June 30-July 03, 1997, Melbourne, Australia [doi>10.1145/261618.261631]
• 4: R. Bartolini, A. Lenci, S. Montemagni, V. Pirrelli, and C. Soria. Semantic mark-up of italian legal texts through nlp-based techniques. In Proceedings of LREC 2004, pages 795--798, 2004.
• 5: C. Biagioli , E. Francesconi , A. Passerini , S. Montemagni , C. Soria, Automatic semantics extraction in law documents, Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, June 06-11, 2005, Bologna, Italy [doi>10.1145/1165485.1165506]
• 6: C. Biagioli, E. Francesconi, P. Spinosa, and M. Taddei. The NIR project: Standards and tools for legislative drafting and legal document web publication. In Proceedings of ICAIL Workshop on e-Government: Modelling Norms and Concepts as Key Issues, pages 69--78, 2003.
• 7: Raffaella Brighi , Monica Palmirani, Legal text analysis of the modification provisions: a pattern oriented approach, Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law, June 08-12, 2009, Barcelona, Spain [doi>10.1145/1568234.1568272]
• 8: M. Cherubini, G. Giardiello, S. Marchi, S. Montemagni, P. Spinosa, and G. Venturi. NLP-based metadata annotation of textual amendments. In Proc. of WORKSHOP ON LEGISLATIVE XML 2008, JURIX 2008, 2008.
• 9: Michael Collins, Three generative, lexicalised models for statistical parsing, Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and Eighth Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, p.16-23, July 07-12, 1997, Madrid, Spain
• 10: L. Lesmo. The rule-based parser of the nlp group of the university of torino. Intelligenza Artificiale, 2(4): 46--47, June 2007.
• 11: L. Lesmo and V. Lombardo. Transformed Subcategorization Frames in Chunk Parsing. In Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2002), pages 512--519, Las Palmas, 2002.
• 12: C. Lupo, F. Vitali, E. Francesconi, M. Palmirani, R. Winkels, E. de Maat, A. Boer, and P. Mascellani. General XML format(s) for legal Sources - ESTRELLA European Project. Deliverable 3.1, Faculty of Law, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2007.
• 13: L. Thorne McCarty, Deep semantic interpretations of legal texts, Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, June 04-08, 2007, Stanford, California [doi>10.1145/1276318.1276361]
• 14: M. Palmirani and R. Brighi. An XML Editor for Legal Information Management. In R. Traunmüller, editor, Electronic Government, volume 2739 of LNCS, pages 421--429, Berlin / Heidelberg, 2003. Springer-Verlag.
• 15: M. Palmirani and R. Brighi. Time model for managing the dynamic of normative system. Electronic Government, pages 207--218, 2006.
• 16: J. Saias and P. Quaresma. A Methodology to Create Legal Ontologies in a Logic Programming Based Web Information Retrieval System. Artificial Intelligence and Law, 12(4): 397--417, 2004.
• 17: C. Soria, R. Bartolini, A. Lenci, S. Montemagni, and V. Pirrelli. Automatic Extraction of Semantics in Law Documents. In C. Biagioli, E. Francesconi, and G. Sartor, editors, Proceedings of the V Legislative XML Workshop, pages 253--266. European Press Academic Publishing, 2007.

INDEX TERMS

Primary Classification:
  I. Computing Methodologies
  I.7 DOCUMENT AND TEXT PROCESSING

General Terms:
Documentation, Experimentation, Languages

Keywords:
automatic extraction, legal documents semantics, natural language processing, syntactic approach