Semantic and pragmatic annotation for government information discovery, sharing and collaboration

ABSTRACT

Collaboration and information sharing between organizations that share a common goal is becoming increasingly important. Effective sharing promotes efficiency and productivity as well as enhances customer service. With Internet connectivity widely available, sharing and access to information is relatively simple to implement. However, the abundance causes another problem - the difficulty of determining where truly useful and relevant information is housed. Information resources, such as data, documents, multimedia objects and services stored in different agencies need to be easily discovered and shared. We propose a collaborative semantic and pragmatic annotation environment where resources of each agency can be annotated by users in the government social network. This collaborative annotation captures not only the semantics but also the pragmatics of the resources, such as who, when, where, how and why the resources are used. The benefits of semantic and pragmatic annotation tags will include an ability to filter, discover and search new and dynamic as well as hidden resources, to navigate between resources in a search by traversing semantic relationships, and to recommend the most relevant government information distributed over different agencies. A distributed architecture of a tagging system is shown and tag-based search is illustrated.

REFERENCES

• 1: Xinwen Zhang , Masayuki Nakae , Michael J. Covington , Ravi Sandhu, A usage-based authorization framework for collaborative computing systems, Proceedings of the eleventh ACM symposium on Access control models and technologies, June 07-09, 2006, Lake Tahoe, California, USA [doi>10.1145/1133058.1133084]
• 2: Deli.cio.us, Social Bookmarking, http://del.icio.us/tag/
• 3: Li Ding , Tim Finin , Anupam Joshi , Rong Pan , R. Scott Cost , Yun Peng , Pavan Reddivari , Vishal Doshi , Joel Sachs, Swoogle: a search and metadata engine for the semantic web, Proceedings of the thirteenth ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management, November 08-13, 2004, Washington, D.C., USA [doi>10.1145/1031171.1031289]
• 4: Li Ding , Tim Finin , Anupam Joshi , Yun Peng , Rong Pan , Pavan Reddivari, Search on the Semantic Web, Computer, v.38 n.10, p.62-69, October 2005 [doi>10.1109/MC.2005.350]
• 5: Dix A., Levialdi S., and Malizia A., Semantic halo for collaboration tagging systems." {Online}. Available: http://www.sis.pitt.edu/~paws/SNCBAT06/program.html
• 6: Micah Dubinko , Ravi Kumar , Joseph Magnani , Jasmine Novak , Prabhakar Raghavan , Andrew Tomkins, Visualizing tags over time, Proceedings of the 15th international conference on World Wide Web, May 23-26, 2006, Edinburgh, Scotland [doi>10.1145/1135777.1135810]
• 7: Scott A. Golder , Bernardo A. Huberman, Usage patterns of collaborative tagging systems, Journal of Information Science, v.32 n.2, p.198-208, April 2006 [doi>10.1177/0165551506062337]
• 8: Harry Halpin , Valentin Robu , Hana Shepherd, The complex dynamics of collaborative tagging, Proceedings of the 16th international conference on World Wide Web, May 08-12, 2007, Banff, Alberta, Canada [doi>10.1145/1242572.1242602]
• 9: Siegfried Handschuh , Raphael Volz , Steffen Staab, Annotation for the Deep Web, IEEE Intelligent Systems, v.18 n.5, p.42-48, September 2003 [doi>10.1109/MIS.2003.1234768]
• 10: Handschuh S, Volz R and Staab, S. Annotation of the Shallow and the Deep Web, http://www.aifb.unikarlsruhe.de/WBS/sha/papers/annotbook-cream.pdf
• 11: Bin He , Zhen Zhang , Kevin Chen-Chuan Chang, MetaQuerier: querying structured web sources on-the-fly, Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data, June 14-16, 2005, Baltimore, Maryland [doi>10.1145/1066157.1066291]
• 12: Internet Content Description Language, Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Content_Description_Language, accessed 2008
• 13: Kroski, E. 2005. The Hive Mind: Folksonomies and userbased tagging. Retrieved December 11, 2008, from http://infotangle.blogsome.com/2005/12/07/the-hive-
• 14: Lausen H., de Bruijn J, Polleres A, Fensel D., WSML: A Language Framework for Semantic Web Services, the W3C Rules Workshop, 2005 available at http://www.w3.org/2004/12/rules-ws/paper/44/
• 15: Li X, Meng W, Meng X: EasyQuerier: A Keyword Based Interface for Web Database Integration Systems. DASEAA, 2007: 936--942
• 16: Lu Y, He H, Zhao H, Meng, W, and Yu C. Annotating Structured Data of the Deep Web. ICDE 2007; 376--385
• 17: Moen, William E, and McClure, Charles R. An Evaluation of the Federal Government's Implementation of the Government Information Locator Service (GILS), GSA, June 30, 1997, available at http://www.gpoaccess.gov/gils/gils-eval.pdf
• 18: SAWSDL: Semantic Annotations for WSDL and XML Schema; http://www.w3.org/2002/ws/sawsdl, and http://www.w3.org/TR/sawsdl/
• 19: Basit Shafiq , Elisa Bertino , Arif Ghafoor, Access control management in a distributed environment supporting dynamic collaboration, Proceedings of the 2005 workshop on Digital identity management, November 11-11, 2005, Fairfax, VA, USA [doi>10.1145/1102486.1102503]
• 20: Fabian M. Suchanek , Milan Vojnovic , Dinan Gunawardena, Social tags: meaning and suggestions, Proceeding of the 17th ACM conference on Information and knowledge management, October 26-30, 2008, Napa Valley, California, USA [doi>10.1145/1458082.1458114]
• 21: Kunal Verma , Amit Sheth, Semantically Annotating a Web Service, IEEE Internet Computing, v.11 n.2, p.83-85, March 2007 [doi>10.1109/MIC.2007.48]
• 22: Jiying Wang , Fred H. Lochovsky, Data extraction and label assignment for web databases, Proceedings of the 12th international conference on World Wide Web, May 20-24, 2003, Budapest, Hungary [doi>10.1145/775152.775179]
• 23: Janice Warner , Vijayalakshmi Atluri , Ravi Mukkamala , Jaideep Vaidya, Using semantics for automatic enforcement of access control policies among dynamic coalitions, Proceedings of the 12th ACM symposium on Access control models and technologies, June 20-22, 2007, Sophia Antipolis, France [doi>10.1145/1266840.1266877]
• 24: Robert Wetzker , Tansu Alpcan , Christian Bauckhage , Winfried Umbrath , Sahin Albayrak, An unsupervised hierarchical approach to document categorization, Proceedings of the IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence, p.482-486, November 02-05, 2007 [doi>10.1109/WI.2007.21]
• 25: Xin Dong , Alon Halevy , Jayant Madhavan , Ema Nemes , Jun Zhang, Similarity search for web services, Proceedings of the Thirtieth international conference on Very large data bases, p.372-383, August 31-September 03, 2004, Toronto, Canada
• 26: Xu,"Towards the Semantic Web: Collaborative Tag Suggestions"Z Xu, Y Fu, J Mao, D Su - Workshop on Collaborative Web Tagging, WWW2006Zhang, X., Nakae,

INDEX TERMS

Primary Classification:
  H. Information Systems
  H.3 INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL

Keywords:
access, collaborative tagging, e-government, pragmatic tagging, search, semantic annotation, semantic web, social tagging, tag pivoting, tagging, web services