|
ABSTRACT
Elliptic curve cryptography has generated a lot of research interest due to its ability to provide greater security per bit compared to public key systems such as RSA. The designer of an elliptic curve hardware accelerator is faced with many choices at design time, each of which can impact the performance of the accelerator in different ways. There are many examples in the literature of how these design choices can effect the area and/or speed of an elliptic curve hardware accelerator. The effect of design choices on power and energy consumption in elliptic curve hardware has been less well studied. This article studies the effect of design choices on the power and energy consumption of an FPGA-based reconfigurable elliptic curve hardware accelerator. A reconfigurable processor has been used for different system parameters and the power and energy consumption measured. The power and energy results are presented and compared.
REFERENCES
Note: OCR errors may be found in this Reference List extracted from the full text article. ACM has opted to expose the complete List rather than only correct and linked references.
| |
1
|
Avanzi, R. M., Cohen, H., Doche, C., Frey, G., Lange, T., Nguyen, K., and Vercauteren, F. 2005. Handbook of Elliptic and Hyperelliptic Curve Cryptography. Chapman & Hall/CRC.
|
| |
2
|
Batina, L., Mentens, N., Sakiyama, K., Preneel, B., and Verbauwhede, I. 2006. Low-cost elliptic curve cryptography for wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the European Workshop on Security and Privacy in Ad hoc and Sensor Networks (ESAS’06). Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4357. Springer-Verlag, 6--17.
|
| |
3
|
Berlekamp, E. R. 1968. Algebraic Coding Theory. McGraw-Hill.
|
| |
4
|
|
| |
5
|
|
| |
6
|
|
| |
7
|
Byrne, A., Meloni, N., Tisserand, A., Popovici, E. M., and Marnane, W. P. 2007. Comparison of simple power analysis attack resistant algorithms for an elliptic curve cryptosystem. J. Comput. 2, 10, 52--62.
|
| |
8
|
Byrne, A., Popovici, E., and Marnane, W. P. 2008. Versatile processor for GF(pm) arithmetic for use in cryptographic applications. IET Comput. Digit. Tech. 2, 4, 253--264.
|
| |
9
|
Crowe, F., Daly, A., and Marnane, W. 2005. Optimised Montgomery domain inversion on FPGA. In Proceedings of the European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design 1, 277--280.
|
 |
10
|
|
| |
11
|
|
| |
12
|
Edwards, H. M. 2007. A normal form for elliptic curves. Bull. Am. Math. Soc. 44, 393--422.
|
| |
13
|
|
| |
14
|
IEEE. 2000. IEEE standard specifications for public-key cryptography. IEEE Std 1363-2000.
|
| |
15
|
|
| |
16
|
|
| |
17
|
Keller, M. and Marnane, W. 2007. Low power elliptic curve cryptography. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Power and Timing Modeling, Optimization and Simulation (PATMOS’07). Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4644. Springer-Verlag, 310--319.
|
| |
18
|
|
| |
19
|
|
| |
20
|
|
| |
21
|
Montgomery, P. L. 1985. Modular multiplication without trial division. Math. Comput. 44, 519--521.
|
| |
22
|
Montgomery, P. L. 1987. Speeding the pollard and elliptic curve methods of factorisation. Math. Comput. 48, 243--264.
|
| |
23
|
NIST. 1999. Recommended elliptic curves for federal government use. National Institute of Standards and Technology. NIST Special Publication.
|
| |
24
|
Öztürk, E., Sunar, B., and Savaş, E. 2004. Low-power elliptic curve cryptography using scaled modular arithmetic. In Proceeding of the Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems (CHES’04). Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 3156. Springer-Verlag, 107--118.
|
| |
25
|
|
| |
26
|
|
| |
27
|
Walter, C. D. 1999. Montgomery exponentiation needs no final subtractions. Electronics Lett. 35, 21, 1831--1832.
|
|