|
 ABSTRACT
This paper presents a new technique for disk storage management called a log-structured file system. A log-structured file system writes all modifications to disk sequentially in a log-like structure, thereby speeding up both file writing and crash recovery. The log is the only structure on disk; it contains indexing information so that files can be read back from the log efficiently. In order to maintain large free areas on disk for fast writing, we divide the log intosegmentsand use a segment cleaner to compress the live information from heavily fragmented segments. We present a series of simulations that demonstrate the efficiency of a simple cleaning policy based on cost and benefit. We have implemented a prototype log-structured file system called Sprite LFS; it outperforms current Unix file systems by an order of magnitude for small-file writes while matching or exceeding Unix performance for reads and large writes. Even when the overhead for cleaning is included, Sprite LFS can use 70% of the disk bandwidth for writing, whereas Unix file systems typically can use only 5–10%.
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INDEX TERMS
Primary Classification:
D.
Software
D.4
OPERATING SYSTEMS
D.4.2
Storage Management
Subjects:
Secondary storage
Additional Classification:
D.
Software
D.4
OPERATING SYSTEMS
D.4.2
Storage Management
Subjects:
Allocation/deallocation strategies
D.4.5
Reliability
Subjects:
Checkpoint/restart
D.4.8
Performance
Subjects:
Measurements;
Operational analysis;
Simulation
H.
Information Systems
H.2
DATABASE MANAGEMENT
H.2.2
Physical Design
Subjects:
Recovery and restart
H.3
INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL
H.3.2
Information Storage
Subjects:
File organization
General Terms:
Algorithms,
Design,
Measurement,
Performance
Keywords:
Unix,
disk storage management,
fast crash recovery,
file system organization,
file system performance,
high write performance,
log-structured,
logging
REVIEW
"Charles N. Schroeder : Reviewer"
This well-written paper is of particular interest at this time
since it deals with a much-improved disk storage management system for
UNIX-based systems. The system described shows an order of magnitude
increase in performance over
more...
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