Content based automatic zooming: viewing documents on small displays

ABSTRACT

We present an automatic zooming technique that leverages content analysis for viewing a document page on a small display such as a mobile phone or PDA. The page can come from a scanned document (bitmap image) or an electronic document (text and graphics data plus metadata). The page with text and graphics is segmented into regions. For each region, a scale-distortion function is constructed based on image analysis of the signal distortion that occurs at different scales. During interactive viewing of the document, as the user navigates by moving the viewport around the page, the zoom factor is automatically adjusted by optimizing the scale-distortion functions of the regions visible in the viewport.

REFERENCES

• 1: Adobe Reader 7 for Symbian OS. Adobe Corp. (2007).
• 2: Patrick Baudisch , Xing Xie , Chong Wang , Wei-Ying Ma, Collapse-to-zoom: viewing web pages on small screen devices by interactively removing irrelevant content, Proceedings of the 17th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology, October 24-27, 2004, Santa Fe, NM, USA [doi>10.1145/1029632.1029647]
• 3: Benjamin B. Bederson , James D. Hollan, Pad++: a zooming graphical interface for exploring alternate interface physics, Proceedings of the 7th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology, p.17-26, November 02-04, 1994, Marina del Rey, California, United States [doi>10.1145/192426.192435]
• 4: Berna Erol , Kathrin Berkner , Siddharth Joshi, Multimedia thumbnails for documents, Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia, October 23-27, 2006, Santa Barbara, CA, USA [doi>10.1145/1180639.1180701]
• 5: George W. Furnas, A fisheye follow-up: further reflections on focus + context, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in computing systems, April 22-27, 2006, Montréal, Québec, Canada [doi>10.1145/1124772.1124921]
• 6: George W. Furnas , Benjamin B. Bederson, Space-scale diagrams: understanding multiscale interfaces, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, p.234-241, May 07-11, 1995, Denver, Colorado, United States [doi>10.1145/223904.223934]
• 7: Yihong Gong , Wei Xu, Machine Learning for Multimedia Content Analysis (Multimedia Systems and Applications), Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Secaucus, NJ, 2007
• 8: Takeo Igarashi , Ken Hinckley, Speed-dependent automatic zooming for browsing large documents, Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology, p.139-148, November 06-08, 2000, San Diego, California, United States [doi>10.1145/354401.354435]
• 9: Edward W. Ishak , Steven K. Feiner, Content-aware scrolling, Proceedings of the 19th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology, October 15-18, 2006, Montreux, Switzerland [doi>10.1145/1166253.1166277]
• 10: Lawrence O'Gorman , Rangachar Kasturi, Document image analysis, IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos, CA, 1995
• 11: Ken Perlin , David Fox, Pad: an alternative approach to the computer interface, Proceedings of the 20th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.57-64, August 02-06, 0093, Anaheim, CA [doi>10.1145/166117.166125]
• 12: Ming-Yu Wang , Xing Xie , Wei-Ying Ma , Hong-Jiang Zhang, MobiPicture: browsing pictures on mobile devices, Proceedings of the eleventh ACM international conference on Multimedia, November 02-08, 2003, Berkeley, CA, USA [doi>10.1145/957013.957037]

INDEX TERMS

Primary Classification:
  H. Information Systems
  H.5 INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION (I.7)
      H.5.2 User Interfaces (D.2.2, H.1.2, I.3.6)
          Subjects: Graphical user interfaces (GUI)

General Terms:
Algorithms, Design, Human Factors

Keywords:
automatic zooming, document image analysis, document viewing, small displays