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ABSTRACT

This paper proposes computer environment called BrailleMUSE that is a free Braille music translation server on the Internet. In experiments with expert Braille translators, translation errors occurred only at extremely slight frequency. Also, the BrailleMUSE has a mirror page to a music site showing about 4,000 digital scores. It was confirmed that the system provided Braille scores by working together with the music site. It is suggested that the system is suitable for practical use.

REFERENCES

• 1: Sato, K., Komatsu, M., Oyama, Y., Matsuzaki, S., and Kanda, K. 2000. Construction of the Braille score system. IPSJ SIG Technical Reports, Japan, 2000-MUS-36-7, 37--42.
• 2: Langolff, D., Baptiste-Jessel, N., and Levy, D. 2001. NIFF transcription and generation of Braille musical score. Computing in Musicology 12, 34--44.
• 3: Toccata. 2008. Braille Music Translation Software Toccata. http://members.optusnet.com.au/~terryk/toccata.htm.
• 4: McCann, W. R. 2005. New tools for transcribers and blind musicians from Duxbury and Dancing Dots. In Proceeding of Technology and Persons with Disabilities Conference 2005 (Los Angeles, Calif., USA, March, 2005). DOI=http://www.csun.edu/cod/conf/2005/proceedings/2461.htm
• 5: Kahlisch, T., Leopold, M., and Waldvogel, C. 2004. DaCapo, a project on transforming ink printed to Braille notes semi-automatically: the project's current state. In Proceedings of 9th International Conference on Computers Helping People with Special Needs (Paris, France, July 2004). ICCHP'04. 3118 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 224--227.
• 6: A page of Score Maker. 2008. http://www.smaker.sakura.ne.jp/index.html
• 7: D. Goto , T. Gotoh , R. Minamikawa-Tachino , N. Tamura, A transcription system from musicXML format to Braille music notation, EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing, v.2007 n.1, p.152-152, 1 January 2007 [doi>10.1155/2007/42498]
• 8: Gotoh, T. 2008. Braille music transcription server. Graduate School of Environment, Yokohama National Unv., http://gotoh-lab.jks.ynu.ac.jp / {braille_music_score_english/e-top-new.html| braille_music_score/index.html}.

INDEX TERMS

Primary Classification:
  H. Information Systems
  H.3 INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL
      H.3.5 On-line Information Services
          Subjects: Web-based services

Additional Classification:
  K. Computing Milieux
  K.4 COMPUTERS AND SOCIETY
      K.4.2 Social Issues
          Subjects: Assistive technologies for persons with disabilities

General Terms:
Design, Human Factors

Keywords:
assistive technologies, braille music score, internet, machine translation., musicxml, universal access