Applying models of user activity for dynamic power management in wireless devices

ABSTRACT

In this paper we use a large dataset of wireless user activity traces to test the various dynamic power management schemes. We also present and test our own empirically-driven dynamic power-saving algorithms, which are based on prior observations of user activity patterns. We believe that this sort of analysis can guide adoption of a user-behavior driven approach to radio and communications power management, and, in networking-centric devices, power management for the entire device. Additionally, understanding the characteristics of user-activity and efficient mechanisms to predict this activity can help inform the design of power-saving schemes for future networking protocols.

REFERENCES

• 1: Crawdad. http://crawdad.org, Feb 2008.
• 2: Private communication with intel, hillsboro. 2008.
• 3: Y. Chen, N. Smavatkul, and S. Emeott. Power management for voip over ieee 802.11 wlan. Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2004. WCNC. 2004 IEEE, 3:1648--1653 Vol. 3, 21--25 March 2004.
• 4: Eui-Young Chung , Luca Benini , Giovanni De Micheli, Dynamic power management using adaptive learning tree, Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design, p.274-279, November 07-11, 1999, San Jose, California, United States
• 5: Richard Golding , Peter Bosch , Carl Staelin , Tim Sullivan , John Wilkes, Idleness is not sloth, Proceedings of the USENIX 1995 Technical Conference Proceedings on USENIX 1995 Technical Conference Proceedings, p.17-17, January 16-20, 1995, New Orleans, Louisiana
• 6: Kinshuk Govil , Edwin Chan , Hal Wasserman, Comparing algorithm for dynamic speed-setting of a low-power CPU, Proceedings of the 1st annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking, p.13-25, November 13-15, 1995, Berkeley, California, United States [doi>10.1145/215530.215546]
• 7: Chi-Hong Hwang , Allen C.-H. Wu, A predictive system shutdown method for energy saving of event-driven computation, ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems (TODAES), v.5 n.2, p.226-241, April 2000 [doi>10.1145/335043.335046]
• 8: Sandy Irani , Sandeep Shukla , Rajesh Gupta, Online strategies for dynamic power management in systems with multiple power-saving states, ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS), v.2 n.3, p.325-346, August 2003 [doi>10.1145/860176.860180]
• 9: Ronny Krashinsky , Hari Balakrishnan, Minimizing energy for wireless web access with bounded slowdown, Wireless Networks, v.11 n.1-2, p.135-148, January 2005 [doi>10.1007/s11276-004-4751-z]
• 10: Robin Kravets , P. Krishnan, Power management techniques for mobile communication, Proceedings of the 4th annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Mobile computing and networking, p.157-168, October 25-30, 1998, Dallas, Texas, United States [doi>10.1145/288235.288276]
• 11: G. A. Paleologo , L. Benini , A. Bogliolo , G. De Micheli, Policy optimization for dynamic power management, Proceedings of the 35th annual conference on Design automation, p.182-187, June 15-19, 1998, San Francisco, California, United States [doi>10.1145/277044.277094]
• 12: C. Phillips and S. Singh. Analysis of wlan traffic in the wild. In IFIP Networking, 2007.
• 13: C. Phillips and S. Singh. An empirical activity model for wlan users. In IEEE INFOCOM MiniSymposium, 2008.
• 14: Qinru Qiu , Massoud Pedram, Dynamic power management based on continuous-time Markov decision processes, Proceedings of the 36th ACM/IEEE conference on Design automation, p.555-561, June 21-25, 1999, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States [doi>10.1145/309847.309997]
• 15: Maya Rodrig , Charles Reis , Ratul Mahajan , David Wetherall , John Zahorjan, Measurement-based characterization of 802.11 in a hotspot setting, Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Experimental approaches to wireless network design and analysis, August 22-22, 2005, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA [doi>10.1145/1080148.1080150]
• 16: Anmol Sheth , Richard Han, Adaptive Power Control and Selective Radio Activation for Low-Power Infrastructure-Mode 802.11 LANs, Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, p.812, May 19-22, 2003
• 17: Tajana Simunic , Luca Benini , Peter Glynn , Giovanni De Micheli, Dynamic power management for portable systems, Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking, p.11-19, August 06-11, 2000, Boston, Massachusetts, United States [doi>10.1145/345910.345914]
• 18: Mani B. Srivastava , Anantha P. Chandrakasan , R. W. Brodersen, Predictive system shutdown and other architectural techniques for energy efficient programmable computation, IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, v.4 n.1, p.42-55, March 1996 [doi>10.1109/92.486080]
• 19: J. Wilkes. Predictive power consumption. Technical report, Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, 1992.

INDEX TERMS

Primary Classification:
  H. Information Systems
  H.1 MODELS AND PRINCIPLES
      H.1.2 User/Machine Systems

Additional Classification:
  C. Computer Systems Organization
  C.2 COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
      C.2.1 Network Architecture and Design
          Subjects: Wireless communication

  D. Software
  D.4 OPERATING SYSTEMS
      D.4.8 Performance
          Subjects: Modeling and prediction

General Terms:
Algorithms, Human Factors, Measurement, Performance