Take a look at the new version of this page: [ beta version ]. Tell us what you think.

ABSTRACT

Users of the web are increasingly interested in tracking the appearance of new postings rather than locating existing knowledge. Coupled with this is the emergence of the Web 2.0 movement (where everyone effectively publishes and subscribes), and the concept of the "Internet of Things". These trends bring into sharp focus the need for efficient distribution of information. However to date there has been few examples of applying ontology-based techniques to achieve this. Knowledge-based networking (KBN) involves the forwarding of messages across a network based not just on the contents of the messages but also on the semantics of the associated metadata. In this paper we examine the scalability problems of such a network that would meet the needs of Internet-scale semantic-based event feeds. This examination is conducted by evaluating an implemented extension to an existing pub-sub content-based networking (CBN) algorithm to support matching of notification messages to client subscription filters using ontology-based reasoning. We also demonstrate how the clustering of ontologies leads to increased efficiencies in the subscription forwarding tables used, which in turn results in increased scalability of the network.

REFERENCES

• 1: Web 2.0: Predictions and Pithy Analysis Charles Buchwalter, VP Industry Solutions, Nielsen//NetRatings -- Nov 2006
• 2: E. Anceaume , M. Gradinariu , A. K. Datta , G. Simon , A. Virgillito, A Semantic Overlay for Self- Peer-to-Peer Publish/Subscribe, Proceedings of the 26th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, p.22, July 04-07, 2006 [doi>10.1109/ICDCS.2006.12]
• 3: "Pew Internet Project Data memo", Mary Madden, Pew Internet and American Life Project, Nov 2006
• 4: "The Economics of Podcasting", Nielson Media Research, July 2006
• 5: Chand, R., Felber, P., "Semantic Peer-to-Peer Overlays for Publish/Subscribe Networks". EuroPar 2005, European Conference on Parallel Processing, Lisboa, Portugal, 2005.
• 6: Chand, R., Felber, P., Garofalakis, M., "Tree-Pattern Similarity Estimation for Scalable content-based Routing". ICDE 2007, Int'l Conf. on Data Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey, 16--20 April, 2007.
• 7: Apple - iTunes - iTunes Store - Podcasts - Technical Specification. Retrieved March 18th, 2007 from: www.apple.com/itunes/podcasts/techspecs.html
• 8: Swoogle's Statistics of the Semantic Web Retrieved March 18th, 2007 from: http://swoogle.umbc.edu/index.php?option=com_swoogle_stats&Itemid=8
• 9: "RSS - Crossing Into the Mainstream", Joshua Grossnickle, Yahoo! White Paper, Oct 2005
• 10: Larry Peterson , Andy Bavier , Marc E. Fiuczynski , Steve Muir, Experiences building PlanetLab, Proceedings of the 7th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation, p.25-25, November 06-08, 2006, Seattle, WA
• 11: Min Cai , Martin Frank, RDFPeers: a scalable distributed RDF repository based on a structured peer-to-peer network, Proceedings of the 13th international conference on World Wide Web, May 17-20, 2004, New York, NY, USA [doi>10.1145/988672.988760]
• 12: Antonio Carzaniga , David S. Rosenblum , Alexander L. Wolf, Design and evaluation of a wide-area event notification service, ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS), v.19 n.3, p.332-383, Aug. 2001 [doi>10.1145/380749.380767]
• 13: Weisstein, E. W. (2002). Multiset. MathWorld -- A Wolfram Web Resource. Retrieved July 19, 2006, from http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Multiset.html.
• 14: Jiang J. Conrath D., "Semantic Similarity based on corpus statistics and lexical taxonomy", Intl Conference on Research in Computational Linguistics, 1997.
• 15: Loser, A., Naumann, F., Siberski, W., Nejdl, W., Thaden, U., "Semantic overlay clusters within super-peer networks", Int'l Workshop on Databases, Information Systems and Peer-to-Peer Computing in Conjunction with the VLDB 2003
• 16: Lynch, D., Keeney, J., Lewis, D., O'Sullivan, D., "A Proactive Approach to Semantically Oriented Service Discovery". Innovations in Web Infrastructure (IWI 2006). at World-Wide Web Conf., Edinburgh, Scotland. May 2006.
• 17: Li, H., Jiang, G., "Semantic Message Oriented Middleware for Publish/Subscribe Networks", in proc of SPIE, Volume 5403, pp 124--133, 2004
• 18: Muthusamy, V., Jacobsen, H. A., "Small-scale peer-to-peer publish/subscribe" in proc Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Knowledge Management, San Diego, USA, July 2005
• 19: Rada R., Mili H., Bicknell E., Blettner M., "Development and application of a metric on semantic nets", IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics 19, 1989.
• 20: Rutherford, M. J. (2004). "Siena Simplification Library Documentation 1.1.4." University of Colorado -- Web Resource. Retrieved August 13, 2006, from http://serl.cs.colorado.edu/carzanig/siena/forwarding/ssimp/namespacesiena.html
• 21: Segall, B. et al, "Content-Based Routing in Elvin4", In proc AUUG2K, Canberra 2000.
• 22: Peter R. Pietzuch , Jean Bacon, Peer-to-peer overlay broker networks in an event-based middleware, Proceedings of the 2nd international workshop on Distributed event-based systems, June 08-08, 2003, San Diego, California [doi>10.1145/966618.966628]
• 23: Christoph Tempich , Steffen Staab , Adrian Wranik, Remindin': semantic query routing in peer-to-peer networks based on social metaphors, Proceedings of the 13th international conference on World Wide Web, May 17-20, 2004, New York, NY, USA [doi>10.1145/988672.988759]
• 24: Wesley W. Terpstra , Stefan Behnel , Ludger Fiege , Andreas Zeidler , Alejandro P. Buchmann, A peer-to-peer approach to content-based publish/subscribe, Proceedings of the 2nd international workshop on Distributed event-based systems, June 08-08, 2003, San Diego, California [doi>10.1145/966618.966627]
• 25: John Keeney , David Lewis , Declan O'Sullivan, Benchmarking Knowledge-based Context Delivery Systems, Proceedings of the International Conference on Autonomic and Autonomous Systems, p.46, July 19-21, 2006 [doi>10.1109/ICAS.2006.14]
• 26: Carzaniga, A., Wolf, A. L., "A Benchmark Suite for Distributed Publish/Subscribe Systems", Technical Report CU-CS-927-02, Dept. of Computer Science, University of Colorado. Apr 2002, http://serl.cs.colorado.edu/~carzanig/papers/
• 27: Crowcroft, J., Bacon, J., Pietzuch, P., Coulouris, G., Naguib. H., "Channel Islands in a Reflective Ocean: Large-Scale Event Distribution in Heterogeneous Networks", IEEE Communications, Vol 40 No. 9, Sept 2002.
• 28: Milenko Petrovic , Ioana Burcea , Hans-Arno Jacobsen, S-ToPSS: semantic Toronto publish/subscribe system, Proceedings of the 29th international conference on Very large data bases, p.1101-1104, September 09-12, 2003, Berlin, Germany
• 29: Lewis, D., Keeney, J., O'Sullivan, D., Guo, S., "Towards a Managed Extensible Control Plane for Knowledge-Based Networking", Distributed Systems: Operations and Management Large Scale Management, (DSOM 2006), at Manweek 2006, Dublin, Ireland, 23--25 October 2006
• 30: Keeney, J., Lewis, D., O'Sullivan, D., Roelens, A., Boran, A., Richardson, R., "Runtime Semantic Interoperability for Gathering Ontology-based Network Context", Network Operations and Management Symposium (NOMS 2006), Vancouver, Canada. 3--7 April 2006.
• 31: John Keeney , David Lewis , Declan O'Sullivan, Ontological Semantics for Distributing Contextual Knowledge in Highly Distributed Autonomic Systems, Journal of Network and Systems Management, v.15 n.1, p.75-86, March 2007 [doi>10.1007/s10922-006-9054-5]
• 32: G. Mühl , L. Fiege , F. C. Gärtner , A. Buchmann, Evaluating Advanced Routing Algorithms for Content-Based Publish/Subscribe Systems, Proceedings of the 10th IEEE International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunications Systems (MASCOTS'02), p.167, October 11-16, 2002
• 33: Raphael Chand , Pascal Felber, XNET: A Reliable Content-Based Publish/Subscribe System, Proceedings of the 23rd IEEE International Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems, p.264-273, October 18-20, 2004
• 34: Roblek, D., "Decentralized Discovery and Execution for Composite Semantic Web Services", M.Sc. Thesis, Computer Science, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland, December 2006.
• 35: Cilia, M., Bornhövd, C., Buchmann, A. P., "CREAM: An Infrastructure for Distributed, Heterogeneous Event-Based Applications". CoopIS 2003, Catania, Sicily, Italy, Nov2003
• 36: Antonio Carzaniga , Alexander L. Wolf, Forwarding in a content-based network, Proceedings of the 2003 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications, August 25-29, 2003, Karlsruhe, Germany [doi>10.1145/863955.863975]

INDEX TERMS

Primary Classification:
  C. Computer Systems Organization
  C.2 COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
      C.2.2 Network Protocols

Additional Classification:
  I. Computing Methodologies
  I.2 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
      I.2.4 Knowledge Representation Formalisms and Methods

General Terms:
Experimentation, Performance

Keywords:
content-based networking, ontologies, publish-subscribe