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ABSTRACT

This paper proposed an effective information hiding scheme. The proposed scheme calculates the confidential information from a medium and embeds the information into the medium to generate the stego medium for medium integrity protection. When necessary, the verifier can extract the embedded information from the stego medium to authenticate whether the medium has been tampered or not. Furthermore, the verifier can use non-tampered areas to recover the original medium or to share some secret message. In addition, the proposed scheme improves Celik et al.'s scheme by embedding data into more complex blocks for controlling the stego image distortion. The image quality of the proposed scheme is better than that of Celik et al.'s scheme.

REFERENCES

• 1: Mihir Bellare , Ran Canetti , Hugo Krawczyk, Keying Hash Functions for Message Authentication, Proceedings of the 16th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology, p.1-15, August 18-22, 1996
• 2: Chang, C. C., Tsai, C. S. and Chen, T. C., "A Technique for Computing Watermarks from Digital Images," Journal of Computing and Informatica, Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 391--396, 2000.
• 3: Celik, M. U., Sharma, G., Tekalp, A. M. and Saber, E., "Lossless Generalized-LSB Data Embedding," IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 253--266, 2005.
• 4: Celik, M. U., Sharma, G., Tekalp, A. M. and Saber, E., "Localized Lossless Authentication Watermark (LAW)," Proceedings of The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 5020, No. 1, pp. 689--698, 2003.
• 5: Celik, M. U., Sharma, G. and Tekalp, A. M., "Lossless Watermarking for Image Authentication: a New Framework and an Implementation," IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 1042--1049, 2006.
• 6: Celik, M. U., Sharma, G., Tekalp, A. M. and Saber, E., "Hierarchical Watermarking for Secure Image Authentication with Localization," IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Vol. 11, No. 6, pp. 585--595, 2002.
• 7: Chen, C. H., "Image Authentication Using Watermarking Techniques," Thesis for the Degree of Master of Chaoyang University of Technology, 2003.
• 8: Hsieh, C. K., "Hierarchical Watermarking Scheme for Image Authentication and Recovery," Thesis for the Degree of Master of Nation Chung Hsing University, 2004.
• 9: Alfred J. Menezes , Scott A. Vanstone , Paul C. Van Oorschot, Handbook of Applied Cryptography, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 1996
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• 13: Tian, J., "Reversible Data Embedding Using a Difference Expansion," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, Vol. 13, No. 8, 2003.
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INDEX TERMS

Primary Classification:
  I. Computing Methodologies
  I.4 IMAGE PROCESSING AND COMPUTER VISION
      I.4.2 Compression (Coding)

Additional Classification:
  E. Data
  E.4 CODING AND INFORMATION THEORY

  G. Mathematics of Computing
  G.1 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS
      G.1.0 General
          Subjects: Computer arithmetic

  I. Computing Methodologies
  I.6 SIMULATION AND MODELING
      I.6.5 Model Development
          Subjects: Modeling methodologies

  K. Computing Milieux
  K.6 MANAGEMENT OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS
      K.6.5 Security and Protection (D.4.6, K.4.2)
          Subjects: Authentication

General Terms:
Algorithms, Design, Theory

Keywords:
arithmetic coding, authentication code, hierarchical watermarking, information hiding, lossless generalized-LSB