ACM Home Page
Please provide us with feedback. Feedback
Embedded noninteractive continuous bot detection
Full text PdfPdf (1.41 MB)
Source Computers in Entertainment (CIE) archive
Volume 5 ,  Issue 4  (October 2007) table of contents
SECTION: Games table of contents
Article No. 7  
Year of Publication: 2008
ISSN:1544-3574
Authors
Roman V. Yampolskiy  University at Buffalo, Buffalo
Venu Govindaraju  University at Buffalo, Buffalo
Publisher
ACM  New York, NY, USA
Bibliometrics
Downloads (6 Weeks): 34,   Downloads (12 Months): 171,   Citation Count: 0
Additional Information:

abstract   references   index terms   collaborative colleagues  

Tools and Actions: Request Permissions Request Permissions    Review this Article  
DOI Bookmark: Use this link to bookmark this Article: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1324198.1324205
What is a DOI?

ABSTRACT

Multiplayer online computer games are quickly growing in popularity, with millions of players logging in every day. While most play in accordance with the rules set up by the game designers, some choose to utilize artificially intelligent assistant programs, a.k.a. bots, to gain an unfair advantage over other players. In this article we demonstrate how an embedded noninteractive test can be used to prevent automatic artificially intelligent players from illegally participating in online game-play. Our solution has numerous advantages over traditional tests, such as its nonobtrusive nature, continuous verification, and simple noninteractive and outsourcing-proof design.


REFERENCES

Note: OCR errors may be found in this Reference List extracted from the full text article. ACM has opted to expose the complete List rather than only correct and linked references.

 
1
Aboufadel, E. F., Olsen, J., and Windle, J. 2005. Breaking the Holiday Inn priority club CAPTCHA. College Mathematics J. (March).
 
2
Ahn, L. V. 2004. Utilizing the power of human cycles. Thesis proposal. Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, May.
 
3
Ahn, L. V., Blum, M., and Langford, J. 2004. How lazy cryptographers do AI. Communications of the ACM (Feb.).
 
4
Ahn, L. V., Blum, M., Hopper, N., and Langford, J. 2003. CAPTCHA: Using hard AI problems for security. In Proceedings of the 2003 Eurocrypt Conference.
 
5
Baird, H. S. and Bentley, J. L. 2005. Implicit CAPTCHAs. In Proceedings of the SPIE/IS&T Conference on Document Recognition and Retrieval XII (San Jose, CA, Jan.).
 
6
Baird, H. S., Moll, M. A., and Wang, S.-Y. 2005a. A highly legible CAPTCHA that resists segmentation attacks. In Human Interactive Proofs. Springer Verlag, New York.
 
7
 
8
 
9
Baird, H. S. and Riopka, T. 2005. Scatter Type: A reading CAPTCHA resistant to segmentation attack. In Proceedings of the SPIE/IS&T Conference on Document Recognition and Retrieval XII (San Jose, CA, Jan.).
 
10
Bentley, J. and Mallows, C. L. 2006. CAPTCHA challenge strings: Problems and improvements. In Proceedings of the Conference on Document Recognition & Retrieval (Jan. 18--19).
 
11
Blau, H. 2002. The human nature of the bot: A response to Philip Auslander. J. Performance and Art 24, 1 (Jan.), 22--24.
 
12
 
13
14
 
15
Chellapilla, K., Larson, K., Simard, P., and Czerwinski, M. 2005b. Computers beat humans at single character recognition in reading based human interaction proofs (HIPs). In Proceedings of the Second Conference on Email and Anti-Spam (July 21--22).
 
16
Chellapilla, K. and Simard, P. 2004. Using machine learning to break visual human interaction proofs (HIPs). In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 17, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
17
 
18
Chew, M. and Baird, H. S. 2003. Baffletext: A human interactive proof. In Proceedings of the SPIE-IS&T Conference on Electronic Imaging, Document Recognition and Retrieval, X (Jan.), 305--316.
 
19
Chew, M. and Tygar, J. D. 2004. Image recognition CAPTCHAS. In Proceedings of the 7th International Information Security Conference (Sept.), Springer, New York, 268--279.
 
20
 
21
Crews, P. 2006. Protochat: An exploration of natural language processing. In Proceedings of the 2006 CCEC Symposium. Available at: http://symposium.ccec.unf.edu/cd/papers/Protochat_PCrews.pdf, 2006.
 
22
Dailey, M. and Namprempre, C. 2004. A text graphics character CAPTCHA for password authentication. In Proceedings of the IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON, Nov. 21--24), 45--48.
 
23
Doyle, P. 1999. Virtual intelligence from artificial reality: Building stupid agents in smart environments. In Proceedings of the AAAI '99 Spring Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Computer Games (March).
 
24
Enrique, S., Watt, A., Maddock, S. C., and Policarpo, F. 2003. Using synthetic vision for autonomous non-player characters. Inteligencia Artificial, Revista Iberoamericana de Inteligencia Artificial 21 (2003), 19--25.
25
 
26
French, R. 2000. The Turing test: The first fifty years. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 4, 3, 115--121.
27
28
 
29
Hall, R. V. 2006. CAPTCHA as a Web security control. www.richhall.com/isc4350/captcha_20051217.htm. Retrieved Oct. 26, 2006.
 
30
Kline, C. and Blumberg, B. 1999. The art and science of synthetic character design. In Proceedings of the Symposium on AI and Creativity in Entertainment and Visual Art (Edinburgh).
 
31
Kochanski, G., Lopresti, D., and Shih, C. 2002. A reverse Turing test using speech. In Proceedings of the International Conferences on Spoken Language Processing (Denver, CO), 1357--1360.
 
32
Laird, J. and Duchi, J. 2000. Creating human-like synthetic characters with multiple skill levels: A case study using the soar quakebot. In Proceedings of the 2000 AAAI Fall Symposium: Simulating Human Agents, M. Freed (ed.).
 
33
 
34
 
35
Liao, W.-H. and Chang, C.-C. 2004. Embedding information within dynamic visual patterns. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME '04, June 27--30), 895--898.
 
36
Lopresti, D. 2005. Leveraging the CAPTCHA problem. In Proceedings of the Second HIP Conference. May, M. 2005. Inaccessibility of CAPTCHA. Alternatives to visual Turing tests on the Web. W3C Working Group Note. www.w3.org/TR/turingtest/, Nov. 2005.
 
37
 
38
Mori, G. and Malik, J. 2003. Recognizing objects in adversarial clutter: Breaking a visual CAPTCHA. In Proceedings of IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (June 18--20), I-134--I-141.
 
39
Mowbray, M. 2002. Ethics for bots. Tech. Rep. HPL-2002-48R1, HP Labs 2002. http://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/2002/HPL-2002-48R1.html. Retrieved Jan. 10, 2007.
 
40
Moy, G., Jones, N., Harkless, C., and Potter, R. 2004. Distortion estimation techniques in solving visual CAPTCHAs. In Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR 2004, June 27-July 2), II-23--II-28.
 
41
Moyer, C. 2007. How intelligent is a game bot, anyway? http://www.tcnj.edu/~games/AIGames/papers/Moyer.html, Retrieved Jan. 9, 2007.
 
42
Namee, B. M., Dobbyn, S., Cunningham, P., and O'Sullivan, C. 2003. Simulating virtual humans across diverse situations. In Proceedings of the Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, Lecture Notes in AI, Springer Verlag, New York, 159--163.
 
43
Naor, M. 1996. Verification of a human in the loop or identification via the Turing test. http://www.wisdom.weizmann.ac.il/~naor/PAPERS/human_abs.html, 1996. Retrieved Oct.7, 2006.
 
44
Poker-Edge.Com. 2006. Stats and analysis. http://www.poker-edge.com/stats.php. Retrieved June 7, 2006.
 
45
Pokerprophecy. 2006. http://www.pokerprophecy.com.Retrieved Sept. 26, 2006.
 
46
47
48
 
49
Rui, Y., Liu, Z., Kallin, S., Janke, G., and Paya, C. 2005. Characters or faces: A user study on ease of use for HIPs. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Human Interactive Proofs (Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, May 18--20).
 
50
 
51
 
52
Sampson, R. M. 2006. Reverse Turing tests and their applications. http://www.users.cs.umn.edu/~sampra/research/ReverseTuringTest.PDF. Retrieved Oct. 8, 2006.
 
53
Shawar, B. A. and Atwell, E. 2005. A chatbot system as a tool to animate a corpus. ICAME J. 29, 5--24.
 
54
 
55
Turing, A. 1950. Computing machinery and intelligence. Mind, 433--460.
 
56
 
57
Windholdem detection avoidance. 2006. http://www.winholdem.net/antidetect.html, Retrieved Nov. 26, 2006.
 
58
Xu, J., Lipton, R., Essa, I., Sung, M., and Zhu, Y. 2003. Mandatory human participation: A new authentication scheme for building secure systems. In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN 2003, Oct. 20--22), 547--552.
 
59
Yampolskiy, R. Online Poker Security: Problems and Solutions. North American imulation and AI in Games Conference (GAMEON-NA2007). Gainesville, Florida. September 10--12, 2007.

Collaborative Colleagues:
Roman V. Yampolskiy: colleagues
Venu Govindaraju: colleagues