Waveband switching for dynamic traffic demands in multigranular optical networks

ABSTRACT

Waveband switching (WBS) in conjunction with multigranular optical cross-connect (MG-OXC) architectures can reduce the cost and complexity of OXCs. In this paper, we study the performance of different MG-OXC architectures under dynamic traffic. In the case with online incremental traffic, we compare two MG-OXC architectures in terms of the blocking probability of new lightpath requests and study the impact of port counts and traffic loads. We develop an online Integer Linear Programming model (On-ILP), which minimizes the number of used ports and the request blocking probability, given a fixed number of wavelengths and MG-OXC architecture. The On-ILP optimizes the routing of new lightpaths so as to maximize lightpath grouping and reduce the port count given that existing traffic cannot be rearranged. We also propose a new efficient heuristic algorithm, called Maximum Overlap Ratio (MOR) to satisfy incremental traffic and compare it with the On-ILP, first-fit, and random-fit algorithms. Our results and analysis indicate that using WBS with MG-OXCs can reduce the size (and, hence, the cost) of switching fabrics compared to using ordinary OXCs. Based on the results and observations in the incremental traffic case, we further study the performance of a particular MG-OXC architecture under fully dynamic or fluctuating traffic. Our simulations show that the proposed heuristic algorithm waveband assignment with path graph, which groups wavelengths to bands and uses wavelength converters efficiently under fluctuating traffic, significantly out-performs other heuristic algorithms.

REFERENCES

• 1: [1] M. Lee, J. Yu, Y. Kim, C. Kang, and J. Park, "Design of hierarchical crossconnect WDM networks employing a two-stage multiplexing scheme of waveband and wavelength," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 166-171, Jan. 2002.
• 2: [2] L. Noirie, M. Vigoureux, and E. Dotaro, "Impact of intermediate grouping on the dimensioning of multi-granularity optical networks," in Proc. OFC, 2001, p. TuG3.
• 3: [3] X. Cao, Y. Xiong, V. Anand, and C. Qiao, "Wavelength band switching in multi-granular all-optical networks," in Proc. SPIE OptiComm, Boston, MA, 2002, pp. 198-210.
• 4: [4] K. Harada, K. Shimizu, T. Kudou, and T. Ozeki, "Hierarchical optical path cross-connect systems for large scale WDM networks," in Proc. OFC, 1999, p. WM55.
• 5: [5] O. Gerstel, R. Ramaswami, and W. Wang, "Making use of a two stage multiplexing scheme in a WDM network," in Proc. OFC, 2000, p. ThD1.
• 6: [6] E. Ciaramella, "Introducing wavelength granularity to reduce the complexity of optical cross connects," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 699-701, Jun. 2000.
• 7: [7] R. Lingampalli and P. Vengalam, "Effect of wavelength and waveband grooming on all-optical networks with single layer photonic switching," in Proc. OFC, 2002, p. ThP4.
• 8: [8] S. Varma and J. Jue, "Protection in multi-granular waveband networks," in Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM, 2004, pp. 1759-1763.
• 9: [9] L. Noirie, F. Dorgeuille, and A. Bisson, "32 × 10 Gbit/s DWDM metropolitan network demonstration with 10 waveband-ADMs and 155 km teralight metro fiber," in Proc. OFC, 2002, p. ThH4.
• 10: [10] R. Izmailov, S. Ganguly, Y. Suemura, I. Nishioka, Y. Maeno, and S. Araki, "Waveband routing in optical networks," presented at the IEEE ICC, 2002.
• 11: [11] L. Chen, P. Saengudomlert, and E. Modiano, "Optimal waveband switching in WDM networks," in Proc. IEEE ICC, 2004, pp. 1604-1608.
• 12: [12] M. Li, W. Yao, and B. Ramamurthy, "Same-destination-intermediate grouping vs. end-to-end grouping for waveband switching in WDM mesh networks," in Proc. IEEE ICC, 2005, pp. 1807-1812.
• 13: [13] R. Izmailov, S. Ganguly, V. Kleptsyn, and A. Varsou, "Non-uniform waveband hierarchy in hybrid optical networks," in Proc. IEEE INFOCOM , 2003, vol. II, pp. 1344-1354.
• 14: [14] X. Cao, V. Anand, and C. Qiao, "Waveband switching in optical networks," IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 105-112, Apr. 2003.
• 15: [15] S. Yao and B. Mukherjee, "Design of hybrid waveband-switched networks with OEO traffic grooming," in Proc. OFC, 2003, p. WH3.
• 16: [16] K. Zhu, H. Zang, and B. Mukherjee, "A comprehensive study on next-generation optical grooming switches," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 21, no. 7, pp. 1173-1186, Sep. 2003.
• 17: [17] P. Bullock, C. Ward, and Q. Wang, "Optimizing wavelength grouping granularity for optical add-drop network architectures," in Proc. OFC, 2003, p. WH2.
• 18: [18] G. Huiban, S. Perennes, and M. Syska, "Traffic grooming in WDM networks with multi-layer switches," presented at the IEEE ICC, 2002.
• 19: [19] X. Cao, V. Anand, Y. Xiong, and C. Qiao, "A study of waveband switching with multi-layer multi-granular optical cross-connects," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 21, no. 7, pp. 1081-1095, Sep. 2003.
• 20: [20] R. Douville, "Extensions to generalized MPLS in support of waveband switching," Draft-Douville-Ccamp-GMPLS-Waveband-Extensions-03.txt, Feb. 2003.
• 21: [21] E. Dotaro, "Optical multi-granularity architectural framework," Draft-Dotaro-IPO-Multi-Granularity-02.txt, Aug. 2002.
• 22: [22] Y. Xin, G. N. Rouskas, and H. G. Perros, "On the physical and logical topology design of large-scale optical networks," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 904-915, Apr. 2003.
• 23: [23] H. Zang, J. P. Jue, and B. Mukherjee, "Review of routing and wavelength assignment approaches for wavelength-routed optical WDM networks," Opt. Netw. Mag., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 47-60, 2000.
• 24: [24] X. Yang and B. Ramamurthy, "Dynamic routing in translucent WDM optical networks: The intradomain case," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 955-971, Mar. 2005.
• 25: Suresh Subramaniam , Murat Azizoğlu , Arun K. Somani, All-optical networks with sparse wavelength conversion, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON), v.4 n.4, p.544-557, Aug. 1996 [doi>10.1109/90.532864]
• 26: [26] M. Kovacevic and A. Acampora, "Benefits of wavelength translation in all-optical clear-channel networks," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 868-880, Jun. 1996.
• 27: [27] B. Ramamurthy and B. Mukherjee, "Wavelength conversion in WDM networking," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 16, no. 7, pp. 1061-1073, Sep. 1998.
• 28: Ezhan Karasan , Ender Ayanoglu, Effects of wavelength routing and selection algorithms on wavelength conversion gain in WDM optical networks, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON), v.6 n.2, p.186-196, April 1998 [doi>10.1109/90.664267]
• 29: [29] X. Cao, V. Anand, and C. Qiao, "Multi-layer versus single-layer optical cross-connect architectures for waveband switching," in Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, 2004, vol. III, pp. 1830-1840.

INDEX TERMS

Primary Classification:
  C. Computer Systems Organization
  C.2 COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
      C.2.5 Local and Wide-Area Networks
          Subjects: High-speed (e.g., FDDI, fiber channel, ATM)

Additional Classification:
  C. Computer Systems Organization
  C.4 PERFORMANCE OF SYSTEMS
      Subjects: Modeling techniques

  G. Mathematics of Computing
  G.1 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS
      G.1.6 Optimization
          Subjects: Integer programming; Linear programming

  I. Computing Methodologies
  I.6 SIMULATION AND MODELING
      I.6.6 Simulation Output Analysis

General Terms:
Algorithms, Design, Performance

Keywords:
integer linear programming (ILP), multigranular (MG), optical cross-connects, waveband switching, wavelength division multiplexing (WDM)