A framework for encoding and caching of video for quality adaptive progressive download

ABSTRACT

Progressive download of multimedia objects over the Internet (e.g. www.youtube.com), where the video is downloaded and viewed during the download process, has become an increasingly popular alternative to multimedia streaming. Due to the fluctuating bandwidth and latency of the Internet, progressive download is often not fast enough, often resulting in intermittent stalling of the video. In this paper, we first propose a variation of the existing MPEG Fine Grained Scalability (FGS) profile to create a layered video representation that is suitable for progressive download in an environment characterized by varying bitrate. We also propose an efficient caching scheme that is specifically tailored for the proposed layered video representation. The proposed layered version of the Greedy-Dual-Size cache replacement policy is shown to reduce the latency observed by the client during progressive download of video in a varying bitrate environment. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed caching scheme improves the latency of progressive video downloads as well as the server efficiency.

REFERENCES

• 1: http://www.youtube.com
• 2: R. Rejaie, H. Yu, M. Handley and D. Estrin, Multimedia proxy cache mechanism for quality adaptive streaming applications in the Internet, Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, Tel-Aviv, Israel, Apr. 2000, pp 980--989.
• 3: J. Kangasharju, F. Hartanto, M. Reisslein and K. W. Ross, Distribution layered encoded video through caches, Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, Anchorage, AK, Apr. 2001, pp 1791--1800.
• 4: W. Li, Overview of Fine Granularity Scalability in MPEG-4 Video Standard, IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 11, no. 3, Mar. 2001, pp. 301--317.
• 5: H. Radha, M. van der Schaar. and Y. Chen, The MPEG-4 fine-grained scalable video coding method for multimedia streaming over IP, IEEE Trans. Multimedia, vol. 3, Issue 1, Mar. 2001, pp. 53--68.
• 6: I. E. G. Richardson, H.264 and MPEG-4 Video Compression: Video Coding for Next Generation Multimedia, Wiley, New York, NY, 2004.
• 7: Rafael C. Gonzalez , Richard E. Woods, Digital Image Processing, Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc., Boston, MA, 1992
• 8: Shudong Jin , Azer Bestavros, Popularity-Aware Greedy Dual-Size Web Proxy Caching Algorithms, Proceedings of the The 20th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems ( ICDCS 2000), p.254, April 10-13, 2000
• 9: Pei Cao , Sandy Irani, Cost-aware WWW proxy caching algorithms, Proceedings of the USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems on USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems, p.18-18, December 08-11, 1997, Monterey, California
• 10: E. R. Davies, Machine Vision: Theory, Algorithms, Practicalities, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., San Francisco, CA, 2004
• 11: P. Baldi, P. Frasconi, and P. Smyth, Modeling the Internet and the Web: Probabilistic Methods and Algorithms, Wiley, New York, NY, 2003.

INDEX TERMS

Primary Classification:
  C. Computer Systems Organization
  C.2 COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
      C.2.4 Distributed Systems
          Subjects: Distributed applications

General Terms:
Algorithms

Keywords:
layered greedy dual size, layered video caching, progressive download